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<v Phillip Adams>I'm 79 today do the math.

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It means I was born about a week before John Howard

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as the second world war was breaking out.

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So my childhood took place during the greatest horror

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story in human history. When tens of millions,

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hundreds of millions died the era of Holocaust,

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a war,

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which ended with Russia and Nagasaki had amazingly

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segwayed into the cold war,

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which in many ways was as proud and profoundly traumatic

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as generations had to grow up under the under the

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mushroom cloud. It seems to me,

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it seems to me that you've,

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timing's everything I could have chosen a better time in

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history. I can't think,

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let me put it another way. There just, I can't think of a time,

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which was briefly so full of hope,

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which ended so full of disappointment.

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We came out of the sixties with the exuberant victory

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of the civil rights movement with the the

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overwhelming defeat of Vietnam.

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And

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we were looking forward to a glorious era.

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It would manifest itself in this country with golf Whitlam

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in the state with Don Dunstan,

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and it was good to be alive.

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It was so exciting.

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And then almost immediately things started to

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go belly up. I

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I find it hard to think that a world

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would you just got through Vietnam could possibly

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embroil itself in an equal madness,

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perhaps a greater madness of the of the middle

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Eastern ball that Wayne could have played such a major part

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in collaborating with the George W.

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Bush in inventing weapons of mass destruction

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to justify what goes on or is even

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worse now as the total disintegration of the

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region. But if we bring that close to home,

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if we bring it here, I just to amuse myself,

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I write down a list of,

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of the issues that I hold to be currently of

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significance around the place.

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And heavens above

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we're on the we're on the losing side in every one of them

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reconciliation,

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it remains as far away forever.

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The old restatement has being brushed aside by government

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refugees, the international calamity,

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the refugee movement in Australia,

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a national and international disgrace.

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Our treatment of refugees it's

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inspirational to the Trump administration. I mean,

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that makes you feel proud. Doesn't it?

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The great new threat about time in climate change,

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we started talking about climate change here at the festival take hides ago.

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And it seemed to me that one of the things that was going to happen,

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particularly with the death of the cold war was that this would bring

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humanity together,

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that we would find a common cause and do something

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about it. Well, as you know, as you know,

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we haven't side issues, I guess like the Republic,

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or seemed like a good idea, a new flag, oh,

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sign a drug laws.

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If there is a greater failure of public policy in modern

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history, it has to be the insanity of drug laws,

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which have made the situation infinitely worse and continue

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and continue to do so. Everyone knows they're nonsensical. No one has the guts,

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the guts to change them last Sunday,

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I cut the ribbon at a rally in Sydney to save the

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ABC.

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How extraordinary that after all these years,

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we are still holding rallies to save the ABC.

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And it's, it's serious.

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The ABC has never been in more profound danger. It's had its enemies.

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It's been under attack as long as I can remember,

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but I know from up close and personal,

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the attacks on the ABC survival on its very existence

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are tenacious, but then a public broadcasting,

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anything with public as the adjective,

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whether it's public health, public education, public libraries,

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having subpar public tour.

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That's the term that becomes not an adjective

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pride, but a target, a target for destruction.

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Domestic very, very little has been gained.

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Bigotry is appalling.

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I remember faith band was saying to me that she doubted that the the famous

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indigenous referenda would pass if if

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we had them today, why faith and we more bigoted?

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She said, no,

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but bigotry is better organized the phasing out of

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fossil fuel,

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the great barrier reef and the menace

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of Trump and [inaudible] hungry and Poland.

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So I was thinking about this and something remembered

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a story which I've long loved.

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And it's about another old culture like me sitting on stage being

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grumpy. His name was

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PEBLO Casals. And my Robin,

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he was a warrior with music and excels was his 18

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80th at this time. And all the,

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the UN all the media had gathered in Madrid.

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And he was this guy who was an absolute symbol of defiance,

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an absolute

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warrior against everything that Franco had ever, ever stood for.

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And he's banging away. Like I'm going crook,

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being a grumpy old man.

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And suddenly he fell silent and there was a

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pause. And then he said two things,

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and I love the two things. They don't seem to fit together a all,

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they seem to be contrapuntal, but I think they fit together perfectly.

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And he said, the situation is hopeless.

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We must take the next step.

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And that is what we have to do. We have no choice,

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no matter how appalling the world,

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Trump is no matter how appalling our,

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his local allocate helicopter echo hearts,

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no matter how monstrous the risks and the danger and the

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cruelties that provide around the world,

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we have no other choice, but to follow Casals example.

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And as Casals said it than me, say it again,

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the situation is hopeless.

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We must take the next step.

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What can a singer do to change the world through art and ideas from

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Casals certainly helped change his world through his chiller.

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The best plan would be modeled themselves on Robin,

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Robin entre from post-war prospect to cold war

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Berlin. And then back again to every,

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every venue and festival in Australia,

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she's been making human meaning in a world that can always do with more of that

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in the CV. You'll see that she was clearly a child prodigy,

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but it's not entirely accurate. I happened to know that

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she was singing before she was born in usually

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much to the astonishment of the the people in the labeled

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as a singer.

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She changed a stuffy local musical scene by creating that

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sophisticated,

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intelligent cabaret space between the two establishments of classic and

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pulp reading,

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a saving hardening dust hardly helps. There is nothing.

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She has some time and energies, unlike mine,

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absolutely.

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An athlete undiminished ladies and gentlemen,

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let us welcome to the stage,

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the quite astonishing Robin Archer

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[inaudible].

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<v Robyn Archer>Thank you, Philip and Bon anniversaire

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. Thank you so much. And thank you, auntie Georgina for your warm and so wise. Welcome this evening. I acknowledged the traditional custodians of the land we meet on this evening, the garner people of the Adelaide Plains. I pay my respects to their elders past present and emerging and extend that respect to all other first peoples joining us tonight and thank them all for their continuing contribution to our shared culture. It was the much echoed, still echoing cry of jobs and growth that reminded me of the German poet and playwright, Bertolt Brecht, poem, freedom and democracy, or the anachronistic procession

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. We'll get to that in due course. The words, freedom and democracy have long acquired a status of unquestioned ability, just like jobs and growth. They are words which lure us unwittingly into the equally questionable territory of core values. Things to be treasured when we have them and fought for when we don't.

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My experience is that the minute you start to dig a little deeper into the

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meanings of those words,

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you discover infinite shades of interpretation and misunderstanding.

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It is widely assumed that when the democratically elected representatives,

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we choose to govern the country on our behalf,

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all join in the chorus of jobs and growth.

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The majority of the populace is content with the idea that they are the most

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important things to consider in our lives for our futures and for the future

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harmony and stability of our country. Yet scientists, Brian Walker,

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questions, this continuing cry for growth.

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When what the planet urgently demands is reduction urgent reduction of our,

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our waste, our carbon footprint,

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and why the illusion of endless job creation when Japanese roboticist Hiroshi

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Ishiguro asserts that the process of evolution evolution over the next 1000

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years or so will see us as no longer organic because the

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planet will no longer be able to support the organic human everything that we

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know now. And our, and feel as humans may have been fed into robotic forms,

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which by then will be much clearer, clever, more durable, more perceptive,

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and perhaps even more sensitive than we are and will not demand the organic

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forms of food and water and clean air,

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which the planet can no longer supply the organic human form mate,

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by then have found somewhere else in the universe to colonize.

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But here on earth,

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we might be over or as asks the t-shirt observed at London's

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Victoria and Albert museum for the current exhibition. The future starts here.

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If Mars is the answer, what is the question?

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Why focus on job model was now hundreds of years old

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robots are already capable of doing most of the jobs we do and will take over so

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many more in the future.

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Current thinking on the future of jobs seems no more advanced today than

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it was when communism's hope was that the machine age would free us up from

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daily drudgery and leave us all so many more hours for creative

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pursuits.

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This is what the smart robot will tell you right now in almost exactly the same

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words I'm going to do all that dreary work for you.

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So you will have more time for creativity, but who is teaching us,

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who is preparing us for this surfeit of creative hours?

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Where was the army of educators preparing an entire generation for the

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casualization of labor? We artists have learned to deal with insecurity,

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flexibility, constant change,

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and the gifts which sometimes unexpected periods of free time can offer,

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but free time outside the creative professions appears to be not so much about

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free thinking and the pursuit of knowledge,

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but having holidays and acquiring more status symbols,

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thus I question jobs and growth. And of course in some quarters,

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this will already be considered heresy,

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somewhat an Australian or an American not to accept just on face

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value. That jobs and growth are unquestionably the most important things.

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And remember, I have earned my living for more than 40 years now,

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only by contract, never an ounce of security, no holiday pay,

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no sick pay, no overtime, no such thing as scheduled weekends or nights off,

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I don't turn up. I don't get paid.

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So I don't speak from a privileged position of a secure job growth.

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I question and jobs have already changed and will change. Again.

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I question these notions,

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happy to be convinced that they are the most important things.

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If someone can argue convincingly for them,

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but I demand their interrogation just as I do freedom and democracy,

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just so the poet and playwright, Bertolt Brecht questioned these ideas.

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And in 1947,

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brutally satirized the catch cry of freedom and democracy.

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They too are words which are now being challenged and interrogated. A new,

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I should say, early on that the two things freedom and democracy are related,

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but neither guarantees the other nor are either as easily defined as most

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imagined. Brett's poem was written in 1947,

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presumably in California, widespread departed in October of that year,

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the day after testifying, before the house un-American activities committee,

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this committee,

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which appealed to Americans to denounce fellow Americans were set up in the

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context of American democracy. As my late mentor,

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his wife and Willard would always refer to it,

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having fled Germany's national socialism.

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Now fleeing America's democracy from California break spent a year in

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Zurich, but returned to Berlin and the years of construction,

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probably because of the offer to have a theater there, the tower to shift Val,

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where he and his wife Halena Vogel would establish the Berliner ensemble.

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What kind of a person does it take to look something squarely in the eye without

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compromise to understand just how bad it is yet still have

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hope. And in this case, more importantly,

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to believe that a theater company could help to change things.

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Brex was inspired by Percy Shelley's poem of 1819,

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which he wrote after receiving news of the Peterloo massacre in Manchester.

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Shelly's poem had been submitted to the examiner in the same year and after his

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death in 1822, his widow, Mary Shelley also submitted it,

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but it was not published until 1830,

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two more than 20 years after it was written.

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John Mullen has written Shelley's friend.

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The publisher Lee hunt felt that it could not be safely published.

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So-Called gagging acts had been introduced to restrict published political

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protest. The perpetrators of the massacre had already been exonerated,

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but the organizers of the demonstration had been imprisoned.

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Shelly's mask of anarchy describes a parade of the ghastly powers,

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murder, fraud, hypocrisy,

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and finally anarchy pale, and a mounted on a white horse.

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And a key has a mark on his brow.

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I am God and king and law for me,

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whose politics were eventually shaped by the songs of the American protest

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movement of the 1960s. I hear in my own teenage voice,

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as well as that of Bob Dylan,

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whose songs I sang with passion with God on my side in Shelly's

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poem, anarchy represents the abusive and disruptive forces of those in power

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trampling, the multitudes who have surrendered to him and his followers,

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priests, bankers, monarchs,

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hope he's portrayed as a frail maiden,

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only rescued by the masses who in this prophetic vision choose at last to

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resist the grotesques oppressing them.

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And if then the tyrants dare let them ride among you there slash

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and stab a name and a hue. What they like,

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they didn't let them do with folded arms and steady eyes and little

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fear and less surprise.

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Look upon them as slay till their rage has died away.

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It is very definition of passive resistance and was inspirational stuff in

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London. A few weeks ago, breezing through tape Britain,

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I accidentally came across the JMT JMW Turner painting

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originally thought to relate to the four horsemen of the apocalypse,

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but was in fact, his response to this same poem,

267
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the Brex poem stares at post-war Germany with uncompromising gaze.

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The thing I have most admired in is this poet poets,

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never failing ability to see and describe the worst and not

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avert his gaze to maintain that there is always bad in the good and good in the

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bad think of mother courage.

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How do we feel such sympathy for a woman profiteering from war it's because

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he refuses to observe her or more importantly,

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let us observe her through a prism of cliche.

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He attempts to get an unadorned truths.

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Are we any longer able to see clearly,

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are we able to Pierce the clouds sometimes walls of cliche and half-truths and

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deliberate emission to see what's going on?

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Should this skill top the list of basic education for all?

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Is there not the most urgent need for every human being young and old to be

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educated in the crafts of analysis and perception for all of us to have an equal

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chance to determine some authentic version of the truth?

283
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Not only does Brecht not shy away from admitting what he really sees and telling

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it like it is,

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but he actually described this vision of post-war Germany and with choices open

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to him,

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decided to return their freedom and democracy.

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Bertolt Brecht translated by John Willett spring returned to

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Germany. And in the ruins you could see early green Birch leaves unfold,

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graceful, tentative, and bold.

291
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As from many as Southern valley voters left their homes to rally forming a

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disjointed column underneath two banners,

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solemn who supports were all wormy eaten their inscription weather beaten

294
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though. It's just appeared to be freedom and democracy.

295
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Every church bells started ringing soldiers, widows airman's women,

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orphaned shellshocked, crippled, raped, open mouth.

297
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The Watchers gaped and the death could tell the blind who it was that

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marched behind such a slogan as maybe freedom and

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democracy at the head of feather brain saying with all his might and

300
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main alongs or fall, God save the king and the dollar clean, clean,

301
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clean in several verses Brecht observes the poorly

302
00:21:04.240 --> 00:21:09.160
hidden traces of Nazi sympathizers all now equally bellowing

303
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for freedom and democracy.

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He continues then the faceless trust directors,

305
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those men's patrons and protect us pray for our arms industry,

306
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freedom and democracy keeping step next March,

307
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the teachers toadying brain corrupting creatures for the right to

308
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educate boys to butchery and hate.

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Then the medical advisors Hitler's slaves mankind's despise us

310
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asking might they now select a few reds to vivisect three

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grim dawns whose reputation rests on mass extermination stake,

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their claim for chemistry, freedom and democracy.

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After them behold, the former editors of strikers,

314
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[inaudible] all set to protest unless we get freedom of the press

315
00:21:59.890 --> 00:22:02.020
next in line on us. Taxpayers,

316
00:22:02.170 --> 00:22:06.400
once renowned as Semites slayers gagged today want

317
00:22:06.401 --> 00:22:10.300
guarantees for the new minorities as for those

318
00:22:10.301 --> 00:22:15.070
parliamentarians who in Hitler's day were Ariens and now oppose

319
00:22:15.071 --> 00:22:19.960
as barristers freedom for such gifts as they is while

320
00:22:19.961 --> 00:22:24.730
the black market man asked why he came out on the March unconditionally

321
00:22:24.731 --> 00:22:29.230
replies to preserve free enterprise. And the judge.

322
00:22:29.260 --> 00:22:33.910
Now this is rich wields outmoded laws by which Hitler

323
00:22:35.410 --> 00:22:40.000
Hitler ISED up to the hilt. He finds men like himself, not guilty.

324
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Poets painters and musicians seeking grub in good positions,

325
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noble souls, who now assure us they were no friends of the fewer,

326
00:22:49.840 --> 00:22:54.430
his strength through joy Dames, spies, drew, baiters, guest stars,

327
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investigators, tax gifts, interest stimulators, era dentist,

328
00:22:59.290 --> 00:23:04.180
liberator's blood and dirt elective allies winding

329
00:23:04.181 --> 00:23:08.950
over Hills and valleys. Belched stank squirted out their plea,

330
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freedom and democracy.

331
00:23:12.190 --> 00:23:16.450
And then the parade reaches Munich misinformed in misery.

332
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See it's baffled bourgeoisie, standing where their houses stood,

333
00:23:20.530 --> 00:23:23.740
lacking certainties and food. As the smelly column,

334
00:23:23.741 --> 00:23:27.400
staggers through the rebel with its banners by the brown house,

335
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there's a surge and six silent shades emerge

336
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in six cars.

337
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Those six assorted party members are transported while the crowd

338
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shouts. Now we'll see freedom and democracy.

339
00:23:42.730 --> 00:23:47.660
And he goes on to describe these three monstrous shades in the six cars,

340
00:23:47.750 --> 00:23:51.200
bringing up the rear bony hand, grasping a whip.

341
00:23:51.500 --> 00:23:55.340
First oppression takes a trip in a half track,

342
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furnished free by our heavy industry in a rusty tank,

343
00:23:59.240 --> 00:24:01.820
much greeted next comes plague.

344
00:24:01.970 --> 00:24:05.840
His breath is fitted to conceal his flaking skin.

345
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He wraps a brown scarf around his chin. After him,

346
00:24:09.561 --> 00:24:12.890
see fraud appear brandishing a jug of beer.

347
00:24:13.070 --> 00:24:15.380
You will get your glasses filled when you have,

348
00:24:15.381 --> 00:24:18.830
let him take your children older than the Hills,

349
00:24:18.831 --> 00:24:20.810
and yet still out for what he can get.

350
00:24:21.020 --> 00:24:25.550
Stupidity staggers on board riveted. He stares at fraud.

351
00:24:25.760 --> 00:24:29.780
Lolling back as at a play murder. Two is on the way,

352
00:24:30.050 --> 00:24:34.400
perfectly at ease as he hums sweet dream of Liberty.

353
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Shakened by the latest crisis robbery materializes in field

354
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Marshall's uniform with the globe tucked under arm.

355
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Each of these six grizzly figures firmly based with ready

356
00:24:49.281 --> 00:24:53.780
triggers says that there has got to be freedom and

357
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democracy lurching. A huge hearse came last.

358
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Once those six monsters have passed inside,

359
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which unseen and Richard who can tell what race lies.

360
00:25:06.321 --> 00:25:11.180
Stretchered cold winds blow a Requiem from the ruins

361
00:25:11.181 --> 00:25:15.830
over them. Former tenants of the flats that once stood here,

362
00:25:15.831 --> 00:25:19.880
then great rats. Leave the rubble in their masses.

363
00:25:20.090 --> 00:25:24.650
Join the column as it passes squeaking freedom as they

364
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flee freedom and democracy,

365
00:25:28.400 --> 00:25:32.990
can any of us imagined seeing a country in that way and

366
00:25:32.991 --> 00:25:37.280
choosing to go there to return there. Even though we had a perfect setup,

367
00:25:37.490 --> 00:25:42.170
not to have to return choosing to return and to make things better.

368
00:25:43.070 --> 00:25:47.240
Is it possible that one of the many criteria we might adopt to define freedom is

369
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the ability to look things squarely in the face.

370
00:25:49.850 --> 00:25:54.260
Sometimes the worst of things and not gloss over them, no runaway from them,

371
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but choose to stay and try to fix them.

372
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Perhaps this is not just compassion or civil, a human responsibility,

373
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but actually a part of what being free really means Shelly's earlier

374
00:26:07.191 --> 00:26:10.970
poems suggested what freedom is, what are they'll freedom,

375
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Oakwood slaves answer from their living graves.

376
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This demand tyrants would flee like a dreams.

377
00:26:16.670 --> 00:26:19.310
Dim imagery they'll are not as imposter.

378
00:26:19.320 --> 00:26:24.230
Say a shadow soon to pass away a superstition and a name echoing from the

379
00:26:24.231 --> 00:26:26.390
cave of fame for the laborer though,

380
00:26:26.391 --> 00:26:30.350
outbred and a commonly table spread from his daily labor.

381
00:26:30.351 --> 00:26:32.600
Come in a neat and happy home.

382
00:26:33.230 --> 00:26:36.590
They'll art clothes and fire and food for the trampled multitude,

383
00:26:36.740 --> 00:26:38.630
no in countries that are free.

384
00:26:38.750 --> 00:26:41.840
Such starvation cannot be as in England.

385
00:26:41.870 --> 00:26:44.730
Now we see there are justice now for gold,

386
00:26:44.850 --> 00:26:48.450
may they righteous laws be sold as low as are in England,

387
00:26:49.050 --> 00:26:53.550
thou shields alike, the high and low there out wisdom, free men,

388
00:26:53.551 --> 00:26:56.700
never dream that God will forever.

389
00:26:56.790 --> 00:27:01.530
All who think those things untrue of which priests make such a

390
00:27:01.531 --> 00:27:05.130
do science poetry and thought are they lamps?

391
00:27:05.250 --> 00:27:09.480
They make the lot of the dwellers in a cot. So serene, they curse it,

392
00:27:09.481 --> 00:27:12.630
not spirit patients, gentleness,

393
00:27:12.840 --> 00:27:17.130
all that can adorn and to bless art thou let deeds, not words,

394
00:27:17.131 --> 00:27:18.480
express dine,

395
00:27:18.481 --> 00:27:22.590
exceeding loveliness in the wake of Brecht's poem,

396
00:27:22.591 --> 00:27:26.280
there was a challenge to artistic freedoms and there's a whole other can of

397
00:27:26.281 --> 00:27:28.020
worms at the outset.

398
00:27:28.021 --> 00:27:31.740
Let's just be clear that artists are not completely free,

399
00:27:31.950 --> 00:27:36.630
not even in our own great democracy or indeed in other great

400
00:27:36.660 --> 00:27:37.890
Western democracies.

401
00:27:38.520 --> 00:27:41.430
One of the songs I sang last night in the third of my arts Centre,

402
00:27:41.431 --> 00:27:44.790
Melbourne concerts probably offended some in the audience,

403
00:27:44.970 --> 00:27:48.450
but I am free to sing it from the throat. Any opera,

404
00:27:48.780 --> 00:27:53.400
the ballad of sexual obsession included back in the program for obvious reasons

405
00:27:53.401 --> 00:27:54.234
at this time,

406
00:27:54.450 --> 00:27:58.980
a song written 90 years ago and still frighteningly pertinent in this moment.

407
00:27:59.670 --> 00:28:01.170
In other places in the world today,

408
00:28:01.171 --> 00:28:04.290
it would certainly have me silenced and perhaps jailed.

409
00:28:05.100 --> 00:28:08.070
I have often said that the arts are the safest place for a dangerous

410
00:28:08.071 --> 00:28:11.160
conversation. The question becomes,

411
00:28:11.370 --> 00:28:14.850
how do you set up that dangerous conversation?

412
00:28:15.030 --> 00:28:19.530
When certain representations are no longer tolerated the British playwright,

413
00:28:19.531 --> 00:28:21.720
David Edgar spoke eloquently on this.

414
00:28:21.721 --> 00:28:25.710
When Britain passed a law some years ago for bidding the glorification of

415
00:28:25.711 --> 00:28:28.140
terrorists or terrorist activities,

416
00:28:28.500 --> 00:28:32.430
he quoted the example of a playwright whose work had been accused in a newspaper

417
00:28:32.431 --> 00:28:35.850
review of sympathizing with the terrorist character in his play.

418
00:28:36.450 --> 00:28:39.930
The young playwright sued the newspaper, the newspaper one,

419
00:28:40.140 --> 00:28:44.880
and bankrupted this emerging talent who had portrayed onstage a jihadist

420
00:28:45.030 --> 00:28:46.890
much admired by his followers.

421
00:28:47.850 --> 00:28:51.600
The critic of the play had simply concluded wrongly that the playwright also

422
00:28:51.601 --> 00:28:55.020
admired the central character. That of course was not the case.

423
00:28:55.170 --> 00:28:59.670
And ed got elaborated on the danger for all artists of being accused of direct

424
00:28:59.671 --> 00:29:04.140
association with the characters they portray on stage in visual art in novels.

425
00:29:04.590 --> 00:29:08.550
For some reason, it doesn't quite seem to count in the same way in films,

426
00:29:08.790 --> 00:29:11.730
villains of all kinds fill our various screens.

427
00:29:11.790 --> 00:29:15.390
We don't attribute to the writer director, a positive association.

428
00:29:16.110 --> 00:29:18.000
Nevertheless, the question remains,

429
00:29:18.120 --> 00:29:22.350
how can you ever construct the dangerous conversation without successfully and

430
00:29:22.351 --> 00:29:24.990
explicitly depicting the most evil of forces?

431
00:29:25.440 --> 00:29:30.150
How can an artist give us the enormous privilege of entering into a context of

432
00:29:30.151 --> 00:29:34.860
moral dilemma without convincing us for a few hours that we ourselves are at

433
00:29:34.861 --> 00:29:39.840
risk and forcing us to decide where we stand on an issue or what we might do

434
00:29:39.841 --> 00:29:44.260
when faced with danger, all this without ever actually being in peril.

435
00:29:44.680 --> 00:29:45.910
How is that possible?

436
00:29:46.090 --> 00:29:50.110
If you are not free to portray the villains and the way they are supported and

437
00:29:50.111 --> 00:29:54.100
encouraged by their followers, as well as those who expose them, the heroes,

438
00:29:54.101 --> 00:29:58.630
if you like the case that arose in directly from Brecht's poem concerned the

439
00:29:58.631 --> 00:30:02.740
freedom of the artist in 1980, during the Bundestag elections,

440
00:30:02.950 --> 00:30:06.550
a group created a political theater piece based on Brecht's poem.

441
00:30:06.820 --> 00:30:10.720
It was a street theater pageant performed in various places throughout Germany

442
00:30:10.840 --> 00:30:15.220
with vehicles and costumes and portrayals of the monsters as in bricks poem.

443
00:30:15.370 --> 00:30:20.290
And the poem itself was sometimes read as part of the action in a final car

444
00:30:20.291 --> 00:30:24.940
in the parade appearing amongst the grotesques was a figure interpreted as being

445
00:30:24.941 --> 00:30:28.330
one of the candidates in the upcoming election minister, president France,

446
00:30:28.331 --> 00:30:29.380
Joseph Strauss,

447
00:30:29.860 --> 00:30:33.550
one local jurisdiction sued the actor for defamation,

448
00:30:33.760 --> 00:30:37.090
especially in implying a link between Strauss and the Nazis.

449
00:30:37.420 --> 00:30:41.680
And they won the actor and company then took the case to the federal parliament

450
00:30:41.920 --> 00:30:43.810
and had that decision overturned.

451
00:30:44.680 --> 00:30:48.040
I haven't been able to research further yet to see what happened when it

452
00:30:48.041 --> 00:30:51.790
returned to the local jurisdiction, but the federal decision was significant.

453
00:30:52.630 --> 00:30:56.710
The Texas law school has a detailed account of the case online,

454
00:30:56.980 --> 00:30:57.813
but in short,

455
00:30:58.000 --> 00:31:02.710
the ruling was that street theater cannot be separated from formal theater or

456
00:31:02.711 --> 00:31:06.880
poetry or any other genre in terms of the protections given to artists.

457
00:31:07.360 --> 00:31:09.490
There's a fascinating description on that words,

458
00:31:09.520 --> 00:31:12.790
website of the failure to define art in absolutes,

459
00:31:12.940 --> 00:31:17.320
but a robust statement of the individual rights of artists to express their

460
00:31:17.321 --> 00:31:21.160
views without fear of breaking any law. And in fact,

461
00:31:21.460 --> 00:31:26.320
that very protection grew out of the worst excesses of silencing artists that

462
00:31:26.321 --> 00:31:30.940
is punishment and murder for expressing opinions that differ from those of the

463
00:31:30.941 --> 00:31:34.150
ruling national socialist party in the 1930s,

464
00:31:34.450 --> 00:31:38.440
not different from the cultural revolution under matter Mau or indeed the

465
00:31:38.441 --> 00:31:42.460
cultural dictates of many and oppressive regime unload. However,

466
00:31:42.461 --> 00:31:47.110
just to dwell on historical examples and claim us as somehow squeaky clean in

467
00:31:47.111 --> 00:31:49.000
all this. First of all,

468
00:31:49.120 --> 00:31:53.800
there are things which few would now not dare to include in art.

469
00:31:54.460 --> 00:31:59.200
I hesitate even to name the kinds of things which would see our exhibitions or

470
00:31:59.201 --> 00:32:03.370
plays shut down. Our songs struck off our books not published.

471
00:32:03.520 --> 00:32:04.211
Interestingly,

472
00:32:04.211 --> 00:32:07.660
there has been the recent refusal to publish Clive Hamilton's book,

473
00:32:07.690 --> 00:32:12.190
which criticizes China's influence in Australia will authors in future hold

474
00:32:12.191 --> 00:32:16.660
their tongue on that issue to avoid non-publication ideas.

475
00:32:16.661 --> 00:32:20.470
Say that the majority of artists already exert a high degree of self censorship

476
00:32:20.740 --> 00:32:24.520
in order not to cause problems for themselves or their colleagues.

477
00:32:24.700 --> 00:32:29.380
We are not free to say exactly what we think well

478
00:32:29.620 --> 00:32:34.300
in some countries are for send others may well be free to do so as we are here,

479
00:32:34.510 --> 00:32:37.240
but at what cost in recent times,

480
00:32:37.300 --> 00:32:41.780
both Catherine Deneuve and Jermaine Greer have attracted huge criticism for

481
00:32:41.781 --> 00:32:44.930
saying what they actually think about the me too movement.

482
00:32:45.290 --> 00:32:46.700
And this is now in an atmosphere,

483
00:32:46.701 --> 00:32:50.450
much change from a time when a ticking off might happen in a mass media outlet.

484
00:32:50.630 --> 00:32:52.970
And over in a few days, don't mistake me.

485
00:32:53.240 --> 00:32:57.680
If me two managers to curb violent or uninvited excessive and predatory

486
00:32:57.681 --> 00:32:58.460
behavior,

487
00:32:58.460 --> 00:33:02.630
especially with the inappropriate exercise of power over anyone is involved.

488
00:33:02.840 --> 00:33:05.420
Then it's a good thing. It's a moment when he,

489
00:33:05.421 --> 00:33:07.760
the two self suppressed voices are unleashed,

490
00:33:08.240 --> 00:33:12.920
but surely freedom and democracy should mean that critical voices can also be

491
00:33:12.921 --> 00:33:17.600
heard. That's the essence of the freedom that we can have the conversation,

492
00:33:17.780 --> 00:33:22.220
not just jump on any popular bandwagon and make it hard for the real debate to

493
00:33:22.221 --> 00:33:27.110
occur. The dominance of social media now means that not only good and productive

494
00:33:27.111 --> 00:33:28.670
opinions can be widely shared,

495
00:33:28.820 --> 00:33:32.870
but outrage and misinformation and ignorance can be widespread,

496
00:33:32.900 --> 00:33:37.430
a million fold and last a very long time and have immediate effect and

497
00:33:37.431 --> 00:33:38.360
consequences.

498
00:33:38.690 --> 00:33:42.710
Majority opinion can now have devastating effects either way.

499
00:33:42.980 --> 00:33:47.870
And that goes for the process of democracy as well in order not to attract

500
00:33:47.871 --> 00:33:48.890
public criticism,

501
00:33:49.190 --> 00:33:52.940
not to feel that an artist is putting their career in danger or their family's

502
00:33:52.941 --> 00:33:53.900
income in jeopardy,

503
00:33:54.080 --> 00:33:58.930
many core issues of humanity are not addressed in the arts if

504
00:33:58.931 --> 00:34:01.210
addressed somewhat glossed over,

505
00:34:01.660 --> 00:34:06.370
not taken head on as in the Brit poem or if addressed head

506
00:34:06.371 --> 00:34:10.570
on what effect do they have visual artists,

507
00:34:10.571 --> 00:34:15.220
Susan Norrie addresses environmental danger head-on does it change

508
00:34:15.221 --> 00:34:17.740
policy with similar concern?

509
00:34:17.740 --> 00:34:21.760
Tacit Adeen portrays the landscape in monumental modes.

510
00:34:22.060 --> 00:34:26.260
Does the inspiration of landscape have just as powerful effect on policy makers

511
00:34:26.530 --> 00:34:27.970
as the political statement,

512
00:34:28.600 --> 00:34:32.020
nothing like a shock to a policymaker to spring them into action.

513
00:34:32.170 --> 00:34:36.490
The undeniable vision of torture dying sheep had a quick effect and rapid

514
00:34:36.491 --> 00:34:37.120
action,

515
00:34:37.120 --> 00:34:41.710
but does art ever have the same effect for this reason?

516
00:34:41.830 --> 00:34:43.180
I suspect the comment of

517
00:34:44.770 --> 00:34:48.820
[inaudible] remains forever with me in a panel in Amsterdam,

518
00:34:49.030 --> 00:34:53.650
this Iranian playwright playwright who had already been constricted into the

519
00:34:53.651 --> 00:34:55.120
army to do national service,

520
00:34:55.300 --> 00:35:00.220
who is still unable to get a visa to visit the USA said he often found

521
00:35:00.221 --> 00:35:05.080
people saying how hard it must be for him to do his work in Iran. He said,

522
00:35:05.140 --> 00:35:09.280
no, I do my work. I get shut down a few times a year.

523
00:35:09.430 --> 00:35:14.320
If I wasn't shut down, I'd know I'm not doing my job. Then he said,

524
00:35:14.321 --> 00:35:18.100
and this was the thrust, you know, in the west,

525
00:35:18.280 --> 00:35:22.660
you talk about your freedom of expression. You can say anything you want.

526
00:35:23.230 --> 00:35:27.880
I think you are free to say anything you want because no one is listening to

527
00:35:27.881 --> 00:35:30.820
you. And it's true. There are a couple,

528
00:35:31.000 --> 00:35:33.850
all of things that can shut an artists down in the current climate.

529
00:35:34.300 --> 00:35:37.860
We are all obliged as members of this democracy, to the laws,

530
00:35:38.070 --> 00:35:41.640
whether we agree with them or not. This demark democracy limits,

531
00:35:41.641 --> 00:35:44.610
many of our freedoms, we are forbidden for instance,

532
00:35:44.611 --> 00:35:46.200
to take other people's lives.

533
00:35:46.470 --> 00:35:49.860
Except if we are part of the defense forces who are obliged to kill on our

534
00:35:49.861 --> 00:35:54.000
behalf, but we are forbidden to take the life of someone we love most deeply,

535
00:35:54.210 --> 00:35:58.290
even when that person is in the worst extremities of pain and begs us to take

536
00:35:58.291 --> 00:35:58.950
their life.

537
00:35:58.950 --> 00:36:03.900
This of course yields up one of those powerful grotesques about time hypocrisy

538
00:36:03.990 --> 00:36:08.760
since we know full well that a blessing form of assisted dying takes place every

539
00:36:08.761 --> 00:36:11.970
day. In those places, that house, elderly people,

540
00:36:12.060 --> 00:36:16.530
we are living a lie and we simply choose to gloss over it. However,

541
00:36:16.650 --> 00:36:20.250
these are all things which in our democracy and artist is free to portray.

542
00:36:20.550 --> 00:36:23.010
Even with some sympathy or criticism of the killer,

543
00:36:23.460 --> 00:36:26.400
we are free to enter this dangerous conversation,

544
00:36:26.640 --> 00:36:31.350
but are we free to portray these things because no artists will ever stop

545
00:36:31.351 --> 00:36:35.040
war or get the law changed? Nope, that's not how it works.

546
00:36:35.130 --> 00:36:39.540
The artist finds a persuasive way to put the audience into that situation and

547
00:36:39.541 --> 00:36:43.530
someone or several or many people in that audience feel something.

548
00:36:43.680 --> 00:36:45.300
And if they feel it deeply enough,

549
00:36:45.420 --> 00:36:49.380
they may be compelled to go out and do something about the situation

550
00:36:50.040 --> 00:36:52.920
we are here free to criticize those we elected,

551
00:36:53.190 --> 00:36:56.910
but we have to be careful about how we criticize them or that could lead to a

552
00:36:56.911 --> 00:36:58.950
defamation case. And interestingly,

553
00:36:59.160 --> 00:37:04.020
critics and comics in the United States are freer than we are in that respect.

554
00:37:04.590 --> 00:37:08.520
We are free to create works of art about the worst aspects of our society.

555
00:37:08.730 --> 00:37:11.490
Let's say child abuse or domestic violence,

556
00:37:11.880 --> 00:37:16.680
but I doubt any artist is free to represent a child or wife

557
00:37:16.681 --> 00:37:19.410
abuser in any kind of positive light,

558
00:37:20.010 --> 00:37:23.580
a kind of Brechtian sympathy for even the minuscule.

559
00:37:23.610 --> 00:37:27.960
Good in an otherwise nasty character seems tricky these days,

560
00:37:28.320 --> 00:37:32.340
even those who get close to the topic simply portraying children in certain

561
00:37:32.341 --> 00:37:36.570
lights, for instance, can be shut down children in art,

562
00:37:36.750 --> 00:37:41.670
except in the most saccharin of context become a no-go area and satirizing

563
00:37:41.671 --> 00:37:44.130
or interrogating. Religion is now a minefield.

564
00:37:44.580 --> 00:37:47.040
We may have the illusion of freedom of expression,

565
00:37:47.490 --> 00:37:49.440
but there are now many shades of freedom,

566
00:37:49.590 --> 00:37:53.970
many micro-moments of self-censorship and the tendency not to fix the

567
00:37:53.971 --> 00:37:58.950
absolutely crystal clear gays and say exactly what one thinks

568
00:37:59.610 --> 00:38:02.850
of dwelt on the idea of freedom and the necessity to keep questioning what that

569
00:38:02.851 --> 00:38:04.590
word means rather than democracy,

570
00:38:04.950 --> 00:38:09.240
because it is surely become so evident that democracy is a loaded term.

571
00:38:09.840 --> 00:38:11.400
John Keen's excellent book,

572
00:38:11.401 --> 00:38:15.750
the rise and fall of democracy in its opening chapter quickly dispels any

573
00:38:15.751 --> 00:38:17.970
mythology around the idea of democracy.

574
00:38:18.090 --> 00:38:20.670
He tells us it was not invented in Athens,

575
00:38:20.730 --> 00:38:23.850
but centuries earlier east of Athens in the region,

576
00:38:23.851 --> 00:38:25.740
we now find Iran or Iraq.

577
00:38:26.250 --> 00:38:29.760
He opens up the idea of a concept that is different in different times and

578
00:38:29.761 --> 00:38:34.620
places, and always needing to change and adapt like freedom.

579
00:38:34.770 --> 00:38:36.430
It is concept to be questioned,

580
00:38:36.790 --> 00:38:40.630
not blindly and blindly accepted as something concrete and immutable,

581
00:38:40.870 --> 00:38:44.170
even though it is now the most popular form of government on the planet.

582
00:38:44.530 --> 00:38:45.460
Even this week,

583
00:38:45.550 --> 00:38:49.450
we are reminded with his widow's departure to Germany of Nobel peace prize

584
00:38:49.451 --> 00:38:53.650
Laureate, the late Lucia Bose plea for democracy in China,

585
00:38:54.490 --> 00:38:58.900
if core to the idea of representative democracy is a right to participate in the

586
00:38:58.901 --> 00:39:03.730
election of those who govern us and the acceptance that majority rules who can

587
00:39:03.731 --> 00:39:07.720
be surprised that I would question democracy and its fragile city.

588
00:39:07.900 --> 00:39:12.400
When the government I voted for was sacked by our monarchs representative

589
00:39:12.940 --> 00:39:14.080
and Jenny Hawking's book.

590
00:39:14.081 --> 00:39:18.640
The dismissal dossiya now makes plain that the palace was completely aware of

591
00:39:18.641 --> 00:39:21.610
what was going on. It was her research of John Kerr's.

592
00:39:21.620 --> 00:39:24.970
Private papers only made accessible after 37 years,

593
00:39:25.120 --> 00:39:29.050
that revealed how much the palace knew while we were being told they knew

594
00:39:29.051 --> 00:39:33.730
nothing. Her argument is that we had a right to know that in this democracy,

595
00:39:33.850 --> 00:39:36.640
we had a right to the truth. Incidentally,

596
00:39:36.850 --> 00:39:40.840
I was in rehearsal for my first opening opera. The day Whitlam was sacked.

597
00:39:41.260 --> 00:39:45.100
I walked into the rehearsal room in Hindmarsh and while director wall cherry and

598
00:39:45.580 --> 00:39:47.770
dramator John Willard were sparklingly aware.

599
00:39:47.920 --> 00:39:52.660
The rest of the company seemed undisturbed Wal and John immediately

600
00:39:52.661 --> 00:39:56.980
changed the ending of the play so that it was the governor general who descended

601
00:39:56.981 --> 00:40:01.150
from the clouds in the finale and save the robber maketh skin

602
00:40:02.470 --> 00:40:05.440
in the subsequent production in the Playhouse here.

603
00:40:05.650 --> 00:40:10.420
This deliberate piece of political commentary seemed to go absolutely unnoticed

604
00:40:10.570 --> 00:40:14.890
over the heads of the audience. And I ask again and again,

605
00:40:15.070 --> 00:40:19.240
does art really matter? Does it ever really make a difference?

606
00:40:20.080 --> 00:40:21.160
Most recently,

607
00:40:21.220 --> 00:40:25.540
Yasha Munk and David Runciman are among the many commentators on the current

608
00:40:25.541 --> 00:40:29.170
state of democracy, Yasha amongst the people versus democracy.

609
00:40:29.320 --> 00:40:31.600
Why our freedom is in danger and how to save.

610
00:40:31.601 --> 00:40:36.430
It emphasizes two emerging systems from the disintegration of liberal

611
00:40:36.460 --> 00:40:41.230
democracy, illiberal democracy. He cites Switzerland.

612
00:40:41.500 --> 00:40:45.220
That is democracy without rights and undemocratic,

613
00:40:45.221 --> 00:40:48.040
liberalism or rights without democracy.

614
00:40:48.130 --> 00:40:52.600
He cites the European union whose decisions are made entirely by bureaucrats and

615
00:40:52.601 --> 00:40:55.060
a parcel of largely disengaged politicians.

616
00:40:55.630 --> 00:40:57.370
Once you have this kind of framework,

617
00:40:57.490 --> 00:41:01.420
daily events feel clearer to interpret a couple of weeks ago,

618
00:41:01.421 --> 00:41:04.840
SBS television news began with a report on the Turkish elections.

619
00:41:05.080 --> 00:41:08.050
It showed images of a massive opposition gathering with a comment.

620
00:41:08.290 --> 00:41:11.320
It doesn't look like Turkish democracy is on the rocks,

621
00:41:11.650 --> 00:41:15.010
but followed with the commentary that this rally was not reported in the press

622
00:41:15.160 --> 00:41:19.450
or on Turkish television, which instead covered Erdogan's pet new project,

623
00:41:19.600 --> 00:41:20.433
a new airport.

624
00:41:20.800 --> 00:41:23.950
This is of course because of the government's control of mass media there.

625
00:41:24.550 --> 00:41:28.180
The report also added that during the state of emergency declared by Irvine

626
00:41:28.450 --> 00:41:32.770
150,000 people have been detained. So yes,

627
00:41:32.800 --> 00:41:37.460
people free to vote, but what is the context of their vote with victory?

628
00:41:37.490 --> 00:41:41.930
Irwin has immediately begun the process of giving himself infinitely greater

629
00:41:42.050 --> 00:41:43.280
executive powers.

630
00:41:44.000 --> 00:41:48.200
That report on SPS was immediately followed by one from the USA with president

631
00:41:48.201 --> 00:41:52.820
Trump just two days after endorsing more liberal treatment of illegal

632
00:41:52.821 --> 00:41:55.430
immigrant kids, giving a press conference,

633
00:41:55.490 --> 00:42:00.080
surrounded by the families of people who had been killed by illegal immigrants.

634
00:42:00.740 --> 00:42:04.760
These are both examples of increasingly illiberal democracies,

635
00:42:05.030 --> 00:42:08.750
where greater restrictions in the mass media make it harder for citizens to

636
00:42:08.751 --> 00:42:11.510
determine the truth. Incidentally, in Ron Simmons,

637
00:42:11.511 --> 00:42:13.340
appraisal of the U S in his book,

638
00:42:13.520 --> 00:42:18.110
he tells us that violence there has increased by 10% in the last 10

639
00:42:18.111 --> 00:42:22.100
years, that more than 50 people a month are shot to death in Chicago.

640
00:42:22.370 --> 00:42:26.570
And that suicide rates are up to the point where more Americans currently shoot

641
00:42:26.571 --> 00:42:31.460
themselves than shoot others. Can we any longer take seriously?

642
00:42:31.490 --> 00:42:36.080
The jargon of democracy, Mexicans have just had a turnaround election.

643
00:42:36.560 --> 00:42:36.561
Well,

644
00:42:36.561 --> 00:42:41.060
the new president and his left leaning party be able to take steps to avoid the

645
00:42:41.061 --> 00:42:45.980
last decades record of 200,000 drug murders and the

646
00:42:45.981 --> 00:42:50.300
murder of 133 politicians in the lead up to those

647
00:42:50.301 --> 00:42:55.000
elections run summon. And his book is the end of democracy.

648
00:42:55.040 --> 00:42:56.900
How democracy, ENS, ransom,

649
00:42:57.020 --> 00:43:01.790
and summarizes contemporary representative democracy is tired, vindictive,

650
00:43:01.910 --> 00:43:06.230
paranoid, self deceiving, clumsy, and frequently ineffectual.

651
00:43:06.380 --> 00:43:09.110
Much of the time it is living on past glories,

652
00:43:09.560 --> 00:43:13.370
but current democracy is not who we are. It is just a system of government,

653
00:43:13.610 --> 00:43:15.680
which we built and we can replace.

654
00:43:15.681 --> 00:43:19.460
He says there are good reasons for having stuck with democracy so far.

655
00:43:19.580 --> 00:43:21.410
We may have been worse off without it,

656
00:43:22.130 --> 00:43:25.730
but clinging on too long could do as much harm as giving up too early.

657
00:43:26.120 --> 00:43:30.740
It could be even worse. Now this is all stimulating reading,

658
00:43:30.741 --> 00:43:34.550
and there's not enough time tonight here to travel deeply into everything these

659
00:43:34.551 --> 00:43:36.320
commentators raised, but on the whole,

660
00:43:36.530 --> 00:43:38.630
it's pretty convincing that there's a crisis.

661
00:43:38.810 --> 00:43:40.610
And we only have ourselves to blame.

662
00:43:40.760 --> 00:43:44.780
If we're not prepared to look squarely at the challenges and work for remedies

663
00:43:45.140 --> 00:43:46.220
right now,

664
00:43:46.310 --> 00:43:50.390
as beers and bands as the measure of success late now in our galleries,

665
00:43:50.690 --> 00:43:52.340
big numbers and box offices,

666
00:43:52.341 --> 00:43:56.150
the main measures of success of our festivals and the continuing image of our

667
00:43:56.151 --> 00:44:00.620
glorious landscape with a still deplorable lack of understanding of its meaning

668
00:44:00.860 --> 00:44:02.900
and ownership by its first peoples.

669
00:44:03.170 --> 00:44:07.010
You'd have to conclude that the lucky country is despite the longer hours.

670
00:44:07.011 --> 00:44:11.900
We're all working a lazy country, not physically, perhaps, but mentally,

671
00:44:12.380 --> 00:44:13.970
ethically, politically,

672
00:44:14.210 --> 00:44:19.160
and laziness would seem to be the perfect breeding ground for giving populism

673
00:44:19.220 --> 00:44:23.240
a free ride. I'm low two-door exact parallels between that time.

674
00:44:23.241 --> 00:44:27.740
I've spent so much cultural research on that is Berlin between the wars and the

675
00:44:27.741 --> 00:44:28.521
United States,

676
00:44:28.521 --> 00:44:33.330
but clearly the preconditions were all a large part of the population

677
00:44:33.331 --> 00:44:37.770
doing it extremely tough and feeling disenfranchised, a popular orator,

678
00:44:37.950 --> 00:44:41.460
rising to power through his promise of making the country great again,

679
00:44:41.730 --> 00:44:46.410
and offering dangerously oversimplified solutions to complex problems and

680
00:44:46.411 --> 00:44:50.100
saying, I know who is to blame, and I know how to fix it.

681
00:44:50.220 --> 00:44:51.780
Trump of course is not alone.

682
00:44:51.960 --> 00:44:55.410
Boris Johnson is playing the same game in oversimplifying the Brexit

683
00:44:55.680 --> 00:44:58.230
complexities. Again, we have to ask,

684
00:44:58.440 --> 00:45:02.670
how do we educate large numbers of voters old and young to dig beneath the

685
00:45:02.671 --> 00:45:06.060
surface of simplified solutions and dangerous promises?

686
00:45:06.270 --> 00:45:10.470
And how do we correct the laziness that just takes our political and cultural

687
00:45:10.471 --> 00:45:11.550
freedoms for granted.

688
00:45:12.720 --> 00:45:15.360
Now I'm aware that we have a combined audience this evening,

689
00:45:15.390 --> 00:45:19.080
those here for the festival of ideas and those here for the dance conference.

690
00:45:19.200 --> 00:45:23.760
So let me just return for a moment to that notion of freedoms inside and

691
00:45:23.761 --> 00:45:28.230
outside democracy. I've never really considered myself a dancer,

692
00:45:28.231 --> 00:45:32.340
but I've done a lot of it yet. When I look into my personal history of dance,

693
00:45:32.490 --> 00:45:36.060
there is a freedom there that many of us have experienced and rarely questioned.

694
00:45:37.200 --> 00:45:40.500
I recall with such joy, the Prash breakfast at Adelaide uni,

695
00:45:40.650 --> 00:45:43.350
just after the release of the Sergeant Pepper's album,

696
00:45:43.740 --> 00:45:47.910
we stood on the trestle tables. Pisters farts at eight o'clock in the morning,

697
00:45:48.150 --> 00:45:52.830
free dancing in a very, very sixties style and singing to the rafters.

698
00:45:53.270 --> 00:45:57.860
All you need is love one for nostalgia,

699
00:45:57.890 --> 00:45:59.750
but that moment is pretty irresistible.

700
00:46:00.530 --> 00:46:03.320
I know it never occurred to me that there were rules at other times.

701
00:46:03.430 --> 00:46:07.430
And in other places about the way you danced and in what context or rules

702
00:46:07.431 --> 00:46:10.040
banning dance entirely. But of course,

703
00:46:10.041 --> 00:46:14.450
dance has often been subject to the restriction of freedoms when it was

704
00:46:14.480 --> 00:46:15.710
first introduced,

705
00:46:15.711 --> 00:46:19.400
the Woolworths was considered too risky for many European societies.

706
00:46:19.401 --> 00:46:24.080
The idea of holding a partner was beyond the bounds of polite society.

707
00:46:24.081 --> 00:46:28.610
Men and women were not free to dance in that way. In colonial Cuba,

708
00:46:28.611 --> 00:46:31.160
the den zone afforded young men and women,

709
00:46:31.161 --> 00:46:36.020
a rare opportunity to converse the den zone is a kind of box step walks,

710
00:46:36.021 --> 00:46:37.700
hold dance at a steady pace.

711
00:46:37.910 --> 00:46:42.050
I've been invited by young men and old to dance this one with them in Mexico

712
00:46:42.051 --> 00:46:42.650
city,

713
00:46:42.650 --> 00:46:47.060
especially in the marvelous Selander Los Angeles and sell on Colonia at a

714
00:46:47.061 --> 00:46:50.300
certain point, the band doubles the pace.

715
00:46:50.540 --> 00:46:55.310
And this was the opportunity in colonial Cuba for the young couple

716
00:46:55.400 --> 00:46:58.730
to take a breather while remaining in the middle of the dance floor.

717
00:46:58.790 --> 00:47:03.260
Unchaperoned at last a private word or two could be had

718
00:47:03.410 --> 00:47:06.110
behind the cooling flutter of an elegant fan.

719
00:47:06.380 --> 00:47:10.190
I imagine cuing courting words along the lines of,

720
00:47:10.700 --> 00:47:12.350
I suppose if I could be out of the question. Yeah,

721
00:47:15.200 --> 00:47:19.910
but let's not imagine that such forbidden scenarios are only a thing of the

722
00:47:19.911 --> 00:47:22.400
distant past. I believe that in Iran,

723
00:47:22.401 --> 00:47:26.180
it is still not possible for women to perform in front of a mixed audience.

724
00:47:26.360 --> 00:47:28.820
In fact, when I attended the fudge theater festival in,

725
00:47:29.500 --> 00:47:33.190
there was one momentous event in which women were allowed to sing in chorus in

726
00:47:33.191 --> 00:47:35.050
an opening event that freedom,

727
00:47:35.110 --> 00:47:39.640
as I understand didn't last and in some cultures and genres,

728
00:47:39.790 --> 00:47:42.250
the rules of dance are very strict in Japan,

729
00:47:42.251 --> 00:47:44.650
a young maker going through her training of song and dance,

730
00:47:44.890 --> 00:47:48.250
the very specific rules of Thai or Burmese classical dance,

731
00:47:48.460 --> 00:47:50.020
even the rigors of Western ballet,

732
00:47:50.200 --> 00:47:54.730
observing tradition often demands the limitation or modification of freedoms.

733
00:47:55.240 --> 00:47:56.020
And of course,

734
00:47:56.020 --> 00:48:00.880
we see this in the complex layering of meaning and ownership of first people's

735
00:48:00.881 --> 00:48:04.150
cultural expression, both traditional and contemporary.

736
00:48:05.200 --> 00:48:08.620
Some 40 years ago, I undertook a defect to, to Southeast Asia.

737
00:48:08.950 --> 00:48:12.730
One of the surprising destinations was then titled Rangoon.

738
00:48:12.940 --> 00:48:15.520
The exotic featured lard in my loud,

739
00:48:15.521 --> 00:48:17.980
in my excitement and anticipation.

740
00:48:18.160 --> 00:48:22.870
I was to be the first popular EITC to visit that country for 17 years,

741
00:48:23.080 --> 00:48:24.220
the entire period,

742
00:48:24.370 --> 00:48:27.730
which followed the assassination of the majority of the elected

743
00:48:27.731 --> 00:48:28.810
parliamentarians,

744
00:48:29.080 --> 00:48:32.890
including their father of democracy in their parliament house,

745
00:48:33.430 --> 00:48:35.110
researching costume protocol.

746
00:48:35.230 --> 00:48:39.490
I had the suburb designer and a senior fashioned me a forest green pants suit of

747
00:48:39.491 --> 00:48:41.740
trousers and waistcoat and a matching thing.

748
00:48:41.741 --> 00:48:46.030
Striped shirt with white collar and cuffs fastened by a pair of dad's cufflinks

749
00:48:46.360 --> 00:48:51.310
buttoned up is what we needed. There were many delays in sealing the engagement,

750
00:48:51.610 --> 00:48:55.240
and I was eventually informed that there had to be a full meeting of the Burmese

751
00:48:55.241 --> 00:48:59.680
cabinet to approve my visit. We were to be admitted on a number of conditions.

752
00:48:59.710 --> 00:49:01.360
One of which was Ms.

753
00:49:01.361 --> 00:49:06.130
Archer would not engage in excessive bodily movement on the stage.

754
00:49:06.850 --> 00:49:10.150
Let me add two small codeine to the story of that trip.

755
00:49:10.480 --> 00:49:13.180
The first is that when I arrived with my accompanist,

756
00:49:13.390 --> 00:49:15.280
the late great south Australian,

757
00:49:15.640 --> 00:49:18.760
Jerry Wisley Smith on a very hairy air Bangladesh flight,

758
00:49:18.790 --> 00:49:19.990
which had brought us from dukkha,

759
00:49:20.170 --> 00:49:23.890
where we had performed the night before the Australian ambassador to Burma,

760
00:49:23.920 --> 00:49:27.880
met us at the airport to take us to the residence and inform us that we would

761
00:49:27.881 --> 00:49:32.200
have to perform that night on a stage in the splendid tropical garden of the

762
00:49:32.740 --> 00:49:34.870
residence to an audience of invited guests.

763
00:49:35.020 --> 00:49:39.310
This was structured to invite the deciding officials to witness our performance

764
00:49:39.400 --> 00:49:43.600
so they could make sure about the excessive bodily movement on stage and other

765
00:49:43.601 --> 00:49:45.430
aspects of the repertoire though,

766
00:49:45.431 --> 00:49:48.370
our shed jeweled public concerts were to happen the following night,

767
00:49:48.670 --> 00:49:53.260
no tickets had yet been issued Coda to having been approved.

768
00:49:53.350 --> 00:49:55.270
The concerts went ahead in a big hall.

769
00:49:55.271 --> 00:49:57.430
That looked as if it had been used as a chook house,

770
00:49:57.670 --> 00:49:59.200
but to an appreciative audience.

771
00:49:59.470 --> 00:50:01.630
Jerry mentioned that it was a shame we hadn't yet,

772
00:50:01.631 --> 00:50:05.170
and we're not being offered an opportunity to witness Burmese culture.

773
00:50:05.830 --> 00:50:07.090
After the second concert,

774
00:50:07.091 --> 00:50:10.930
we were asked to join the minister of culture and his small entourage in the

775
00:50:10.931 --> 00:50:15.010
auditorium. The minister was a musicologist educated in Moscow,

776
00:50:15.250 --> 00:50:18.130
and we were much in favor. As we had worn on stage,

777
00:50:18.250 --> 00:50:21.970
the magnificent orchid corsage was brought to us and we had both done

778
00:50:22.120 --> 00:50:25.360
traditional elements of costume Jerry or a sarong.

779
00:50:25.810 --> 00:50:29.390
This was particularly appreciated since stress rules at the time were very

780
00:50:29.391 --> 00:50:30.080
strict.

781
00:50:30.080 --> 00:50:34.190
The singer who taught us a Burmese song to sing had been arrested and find some

782
00:50:34.191 --> 00:50:37.640
weeks earlier for wearing Western trousers in a performance.

783
00:50:38.060 --> 00:50:41.120
The song he taught us happened to be the minister's number one hit in the

784
00:50:41.121 --> 00:50:41.810
fifties.

785
00:50:41.810 --> 00:50:46.370
So it seemed this persuaded him to he'd Jerry's suggestion that evening with

786
00:50:46.371 --> 00:50:51.200
just a few of us watching, we experienced four performances of gamelan, chorus,

787
00:50:51.230 --> 00:50:53.420
and dance scores of performers,

788
00:50:53.570 --> 00:50:57.260
the like of which I had never experienced before and clearly summoned on the

789
00:50:57.261 --> 00:51:01.220
snap of a finger of all the Southeast Asian arts dance.

790
00:51:01.221 --> 00:51:05.360
I had been aware of. This was the most exquisite and pure I'd ever seen.

791
00:51:05.750 --> 00:51:09.170
It was perhaps precisely because of the strict cultural protectionism,

792
00:51:09.380 --> 00:51:12.020
the restriction of freedoms exerted by that government,

793
00:51:12.230 --> 00:51:13.670
that the tradition was preserved.

794
00:51:13.671 --> 00:51:18.320
So absolutely intact beautifully costume women appeared with such

795
00:51:18.350 --> 00:51:21.410
delicate movement, such modesty and elegance.

796
00:51:21.860 --> 00:51:24.290
And then the women dancers appeared.

797
00:51:24.470 --> 00:51:28.460
We'd actually been watching only male dancers in the whole of the opening

798
00:51:28.461 --> 00:51:32.540
sequence. Now Mayan mark calls itself a democracy,

799
00:51:32.810 --> 00:51:36.950
but it is surely still one of Monk's democracies without rights

800
00:51:37.930 --> 00:51:40.600
at the end of his punk monk articulates. Yeah.

801
00:51:40.660 --> 00:51:43.720
His personal stance in the face of a crisis of democracy,

802
00:51:44.260 --> 00:51:48.370
he talks about the Stoics and the austerity of their approach in which to gain

803
00:51:48.371 --> 00:51:51.730
control. You must become indifferent to everything that surrounds you.

804
00:51:51.850 --> 00:51:56.350
He declared himself not to be a stoic because he is not indifferent to the

805
00:51:56.351 --> 00:52:00.670
plight of loved ones or the poor, or indeed the fate of democracy.

806
00:52:00.790 --> 00:52:05.260
But he finds wisdom in the teaching of the Stoics and writes when I am faced

807
00:52:05.261 --> 00:52:06.550
with the real danger,

808
00:52:07.060 --> 00:52:10.870
my incentives are always going to point me in the direction of inaction or

809
00:52:10.871 --> 00:52:14.320
acquiescence. I should probably say something, but what difference will it make?

810
00:52:14.530 --> 00:52:17.680
I should probably call them out on this, but how will I feed my family?

811
00:52:17.681 --> 00:52:20.500
If I lose my job, I should probably stand up to the government,

812
00:52:20.650 --> 00:52:23.950
but what will I do if it's loyalists come after me, Agra penis,

813
00:52:23.951 --> 00:52:27.280
then he writes was completely right on one important point.

814
00:52:27.700 --> 00:52:31.540
If I wait for imminent danger to figure out what risks I'm willing to take,

815
00:52:31.810 --> 00:52:36.580
I am likely to lose myself in the one moment that truly counts long

816
00:52:36.581 --> 00:52:39.070
before I actually face a dangerous decision.

817
00:52:39.310 --> 00:52:43.510
I am building up the resolve to do the right thing in the years to come.

818
00:52:43.810 --> 00:52:48.160
It may take more and more courage to stand up for what we hold. Dear.

819
00:52:48.610 --> 00:52:50.650
This is an admirable exhortation,

820
00:52:50.830 --> 00:52:55.300
but what still worries me is how it was great to see the young Americans

821
00:52:55.830 --> 00:52:59.350
mobilized for gun control. Got a lot of media, a lot of admiration.

822
00:52:59.620 --> 00:53:01.270
Did it change anything?

823
00:53:01.840 --> 00:53:06.100
I liked the way direct democracy worked in the debate around a nuclear waste

824
00:53:06.101 --> 00:53:07.780
facility here in south Australia,

825
00:53:08.020 --> 00:53:12.190
it was discussed people on both sides spoke passionately. And in the end,

826
00:53:12.220 --> 00:53:16.420
our representatives decided that the people didn't want it and set it aside.

827
00:53:16.570 --> 00:53:19.000
Good result. What a shame.

828
00:53:19.001 --> 00:53:22.960
I think there has been no such open consultation around the extended development

829
00:53:22.961 --> 00:53:25.920
of the casino here in Adelaide. Oh,

830
00:53:25.921 --> 00:53:30.240
what a sign that is the God of gambling of all that glitters in a world,

831
00:53:30.241 --> 00:53:33.690
obsessed with money, brazenly erecting itself.

832
00:53:33.691 --> 00:53:38.340
I use the term knowingly erecting itself in such shiny

833
00:53:38.341 --> 00:53:43.320
proximity to government and art and putting both to shabby shame.

834
00:53:43.980 --> 00:53:45.750
That's how free we have been here.

835
00:53:46.080 --> 00:53:49.980
Not to have been given the opportunity to say this is possibly not what we ever

836
00:53:49.981 --> 00:53:53.160
wanted. Maybe even not after a good, strong debate,

837
00:53:53.430 --> 00:53:57.690
what a majority wanted and had we had the opportunity to protest.

838
00:53:57.810 --> 00:54:01.470
What would the response have been in the name of jobs and growth? Well,

839
00:54:01.710 --> 00:54:06.060
the taxes on re-invigorated gambling will help provide you with,

840
00:54:06.061 --> 00:54:06.960
for instance,

841
00:54:07.170 --> 00:54:11.130
a new cultural center with a brand new spanking contemporary art gallery.

842
00:54:12.090 --> 00:54:14.880
Is that also the deal we would have agreed to?

843
00:54:15.420 --> 00:54:17.370
Are we all playing mother courage here?

844
00:54:17.790 --> 00:54:20.880
I should be singing the song of the grand capitulation.

845
00:54:21.060 --> 00:54:24.690
If we had even got that far to register our choice,

846
00:54:25.350 --> 00:54:30.030
even as we all in this room, I have no doubt share a concern about the way,

847
00:54:30.031 --> 00:54:31.530
the words, freedom and democracy,

848
00:54:31.710 --> 00:54:34.800
jobs and growth are still being bandied about as unquestionable.

849
00:54:35.280 --> 00:54:39.060
Even if we want to interrogate an object and questioned further,

850
00:54:39.360 --> 00:54:44.160
how do we do it? What avenues does this form of democracy actually allow?

851
00:54:44.700 --> 00:54:48.930
Of course the arts could be one answer, but as I've been suggesting,

852
00:54:49.080 --> 00:54:52.780
even if this challenge, these challenges are raised courageously in the arts,

853
00:54:53.130 --> 00:54:55.920
who exactly is listening, who he is.

854
00:54:55.921 --> 00:55:00.630
And even if convinced who acts over this weekend,

855
00:55:00.660 --> 00:55:02.760
you will be exposed to many ideas,

856
00:55:03.180 --> 00:55:07.260
but will you believe your duty has done simply to have heard the ideas and to

857
00:55:07.340 --> 00:55:10.530
have about luxuriated in the exercise of your mind?

858
00:55:10.680 --> 00:55:12.690
It is after all a good thing to do.

859
00:55:12.930 --> 00:55:15.840
Do you believe that the expression of these many ideas,

860
00:55:16.080 --> 00:55:21.000
a privilege of our brand of democracy also demands you take action on the things

861
00:55:21.001 --> 00:55:24.750
that you have found persuasive and which require urgent action.

862
00:55:25.710 --> 00:55:29.520
Richard Dennis offers some suggestions in his recent quarterly essay,

863
00:55:29.790 --> 00:55:33.600
dead write how neo-liberalism ate itself and what comes next.

864
00:55:34.050 --> 00:55:38.280
He advocates the creation of a charter of rights, reminding us that quote,

865
00:55:38.810 --> 00:55:40.410
whilst some laws, grants, some citizens,

866
00:55:40.411 --> 00:55:45.240
some rights Australia is the only democracy in the world that lacks a bill or

867
00:55:45.241 --> 00:55:48.210
charter of rights, which no parliament can take away.

868
00:55:48.720 --> 00:55:51.810
He advocates the establishment of the national interest commission,

869
00:55:52.050 --> 00:55:54.540
the establishment of a federal corruption watchdog,

870
00:55:54.720 --> 00:55:57.480
and this Accords with Monk's greatest hope for democracy.

871
00:55:57.660 --> 00:55:59.550
And that is monetary democracy.

872
00:56:00.000 --> 00:56:04.740
He asks for the insistence on democratic education and a sovereign wealth

873
00:56:04.741 --> 00:56:07.680
fund Runciman resists solutions,

874
00:56:07.681 --> 00:56:10.680
but offers instead some lessons for the 21st century,

875
00:56:11.280 --> 00:56:14.760
mature Western democracy is over the hill. He writes it's prime is passed.

876
00:56:14.970 --> 00:56:16.410
We ought to acknowledge this.

877
00:56:16.680 --> 00:56:20.490
He describes a successful hundred year run and that there are still benefits to

878
00:56:20.491 --> 00:56:23.250
be had in anyone's declining years.

879
00:56:23.470 --> 00:56:27.790
He writes blind confidence in the future would be ridiculous at this stage,

880
00:56:27.970 --> 00:56:31.000
but while democracy has life in it, it has to be lived.

881
00:56:31.210 --> 00:56:35.710
The history of democracy will not have a single end point unless all human life

882
00:56:35.711 --> 00:56:39.550
does. He says that there will be successes and disasters, but quote,

883
00:56:39.820 --> 00:56:44.110
Western democracy will survive. It's midlife crisis with luck.

884
00:56:44.111 --> 00:56:47.890
It will be a little chastened by it. It is unlikely to be revived by it.

885
00:56:48.100 --> 00:56:50.560
This is not after all the end of democracy,

886
00:56:50.710 --> 00:56:53.350
but this is how democracy ends.

887
00:56:54.190 --> 00:56:57.280
We are also earlier reminded that in 1992,

888
00:56:57.520 --> 00:57:01.870
Francis Fukuyama in the end of history and the last man put ultimate faith in

889
00:57:01.871 --> 00:57:02.890
liberal democracy,

890
00:57:03.400 --> 00:57:07.390
ransom and maintains that the collapse of the Japanese economic miracle put paid

891
00:57:07.391 --> 00:57:08.224
to that hope.

892
00:57:08.440 --> 00:57:13.390
But interestingly sees both Japan and Greece as perfect examples of

893
00:57:13.391 --> 00:57:18.010
how democracy has the ability to delay absolute disaster and just keep muddling

894
00:57:18.011 --> 00:57:21.130
along keen in 2009,

895
00:57:21.370 --> 00:57:26.170
put his hopes in monetary democracy and along with mood in the promise and

896
00:57:26.171 --> 00:57:30.370
necessity of healthy institutions that monitor what our elected representatives

897
00:57:30.371 --> 00:57:34.300
are getting up to. He actually used India as the best example,

898
00:57:34.570 --> 00:57:38.230
he refers to the enormous cynicism at the time of independence as to whether

899
00:57:38.231 --> 00:57:42.070
such a wildly diverse country could ever survive the departure of its British

900
00:57:42.071 --> 00:57:42.910
rule. As it writes,

901
00:57:43.270 --> 00:57:47.200
the 60 year old Asian democracy is not just the world's largest democracy,

902
00:57:47.410 --> 00:57:48.640
a convenient cliche,

903
00:57:48.820 --> 00:57:53.740
but also its most compound turbulent and exciting prototype defined by

904
00:57:53.741 --> 00:57:58.090
various older and newer means of publicly monitoring and contesting power and

905
00:57:58.120 --> 00:58:00.280
representing citizens interests at all levels.

906
00:58:00.460 --> 00:58:03.070
It reinforces the conviction of this book.

907
00:58:03.071 --> 00:58:07.570
That is his book that democracy at all levels can be improved by changing

908
00:58:07.600 --> 00:58:09.820
people's perceptions and by humbling,

909
00:58:09.850 --> 00:58:13.870
those who exercise power over others and that the seeds of greater public

910
00:58:13.871 --> 00:58:18.730
accountability can be planted everywhere from the bedroom and boardroom to the

911
00:58:18.731 --> 00:58:23.550
battlefield. So what do we do here now?

912
00:58:24.210 --> 00:58:28.890
How do we imagine what it will require to be active and effective

913
00:58:29.160 --> 00:58:30.390
in this crucial moment?

914
00:58:31.410 --> 00:58:35.520
I often said of the arts and its endless quest for funding and support that if

915
00:58:35.521 --> 00:58:39.390
we could persuade the majority of the essential services we provide,

916
00:58:39.750 --> 00:58:43.230
then there would be no argument that people would demand funding for the arts,

917
00:58:43.380 --> 00:58:47.310
just the way they demand funding for health and hospitals and the other things

918
00:58:47.311 --> 00:58:49.320
that keep them well and make them whole,

919
00:58:50.040 --> 00:58:53.160
in the instance of Richard Dennis's practical solutions,

920
00:58:53.370 --> 00:58:57.630
we would have to find ways to change the political conversation away from money

921
00:58:57.840 --> 00:59:02.100
and back to what we actually believe in and make it clear that our vote will go

922
00:59:02.101 --> 00:59:04.320
to those who will change the conversation,

923
00:59:04.530 --> 00:59:09.270
not just change the weight of the wallet. This is after all what Trump promised,

924
00:59:09.510 --> 00:59:12.390
not that he's delivering, but he won on that promise.

925
00:59:12.390 --> 00:59:14.730
And that's what the populist framework is about.

926
00:59:15.360 --> 00:59:20.160
Can we ever get away from more money in the pocket and back to what might matter

927
00:59:20.161 --> 00:59:24.740
more to us in this moment I had been

928
00:59:24.741 --> 00:59:29.600
considering thinking of calling this address, do the arts really matter?

929
00:59:29.780 --> 00:59:32.330
Or have I just been bullshitting all this time?

930
00:59:33.500 --> 00:59:37.880
The German twenties and thirties repertoire icing is filled with brilliant

931
00:59:37.910 --> 00:59:42.890
observations of the worst accesses of that time. Did it do any good?

932
00:59:43.820 --> 00:59:46.190
No. The German minority,

933
00:59:46.340 --> 00:59:51.110
the German majority voted in the national socialists on the

934
00:59:51.111 --> 00:59:54.230
back of a devastating depression, no jobs,

935
00:59:54.320 --> 00:59:59.300
no growth that need to blame someone that strong populist orator

936
00:59:59.510 --> 01:00:03.860
who persuaded them in a time of great severity, starvation, poverty.

937
01:00:04.010 --> 01:00:06.860
They were willing in one sense,

938
01:00:06.890 --> 01:00:11.330
understandably to trade freedoms on the promise of Germany being made great.

939
01:00:11.331 --> 01:00:12.164
Again,

940
01:00:12.170 --> 01:00:16.640
they were willing to submit to harsher rules and trade democracy for

941
01:00:16.641 --> 01:00:17.474
autocracy.

942
01:00:17.990 --> 01:00:22.910
The majority was persuaded by the strongest rhetoric to be complicit with the

943
01:00:22.911 --> 01:00:27.440
persecution and murder of artists and dissidents and homosexuals.

944
01:00:27.441 --> 01:00:32.240
And of course the entire Jewish minority enormous though, that was

945
01:00:33.740 --> 01:00:36.410
ransom and warns us that this is a very different world from twenties and

946
01:00:36.411 --> 01:00:40.190
thirties, Europe, and that we will not return to exactly that situation.

947
01:00:40.370 --> 01:00:41.870
It isn't identical,

948
01:00:41.990 --> 01:00:45.920
but it does point to similar forces at work and we can certainly anticipate

949
01:00:45.921 --> 01:00:48.980
different, but similarly dire circumstances.

950
01:00:49.100 --> 01:00:54.020
If we continue just to accept that what has become inkling empty slogans

951
01:00:54.260 --> 01:00:55.820
of freedom and democracy.

952
01:00:56.120 --> 01:01:00.980
This is perhaps a role that art can play to identify empty or at least grossly

953
01:01:00.981 --> 01:01:05.540
misunderstood slogans and Pierce through the hypocrisy and vested interests.

954
01:01:05.570 --> 01:01:10.220
In maintaining this disguise in the face of majority will

955
01:01:10.490 --> 01:01:13.760
the artists whose works, I continue to sing had no choice,

956
01:01:13.761 --> 01:01:18.110
but to get out some of those who didn't were murdered, some committed suicide,

957
01:01:18.320 --> 01:01:23.090
even some of those who escaped many of the artists of these times suffered much

958
01:01:23.091 --> 01:01:27.650
more extreme consequences than unmediated shaming on social media.

959
01:01:28.130 --> 01:01:32.240
Some had success elsewhere, but died early. Some were resilient to survive.

960
01:01:32.241 --> 01:01:37.070
The whole thing, Brett and his composer colleague Hanns Eisler were survivors.

961
01:01:38.690 --> 01:01:41.510
No, they didn't stop the horrors of world war two.

962
01:01:41.570 --> 01:01:45.350
It was a mighty wave against which they were powerless, but there's this.

963
01:01:45.770 --> 01:01:48.170
And perhaps in terms of that concept of freedom,

964
01:01:48.590 --> 01:01:50.840
at least we know where they stood.

965
01:01:51.410 --> 01:01:55.340
At least we have evidence of their awareness and their position.

966
01:01:56.120 --> 01:02:00.620
Brex wrote a poem in Finster and seitan in dark times.

967
01:02:01.400 --> 01:02:04.640
They won't say when the Walnut tree shook in the wind,

968
01:02:05.360 --> 01:02:08.240
but when the house painter crushed the workers,

969
01:02:08.980 --> 01:02:13.870
they won't say when the child skimmed a flat stone across the rapids,

970
01:02:14.470 --> 01:02:17.260
but when the great bores were being prepared for,

971
01:02:18.010 --> 01:02:21.510
they won't say when the woman came into the room,

972
01:02:21.960 --> 01:02:26.100
but when the great powers joined forces against the workers,

973
01:02:26.610 --> 01:02:31.590
however, they won't say the times were dark. Rather,

974
01:02:32.160 --> 01:02:34.320
why were their poets silent?

975
01:02:34.770 --> 01:02:39.540
I know it's not cool not to be full of hope and optimism full of TEDx

976
01:02:39.541 --> 01:02:43.620
type innovation and flash at the hip entrepreneurial-ism.

977
01:02:43.621 --> 01:02:48.060
And thanks be that there are a heap of youngsters with this kind of energy.

978
01:02:48.300 --> 01:02:52.200
Surely some good will come from some of those flash ideas,

979
01:02:52.410 --> 01:02:55.170
but it also seems to be helpful to be aware,

980
01:02:55.920 --> 01:02:58.830
do we dare say that we are in dark times,

981
01:02:59.370 --> 01:03:03.450
the devastation of the planet's finite resources and the unchallenged call for

982
01:03:03.451 --> 01:03:04.284
growth.

983
01:03:04.470 --> 01:03:08.670
The movement of population has not seen since the dark ages and millions

984
01:03:08.671 --> 01:03:12.510
punished and living horrific conditions because of that force need to move.

985
01:03:12.690 --> 01:03:13.890
As I tell tales,

986
01:03:14.070 --> 01:03:17.880
in my concerts of those German artists at the peak of their careers in the

987
01:03:17.881 --> 01:03:21.690
1930s, forced into exile and the need to reboot careers,

988
01:03:22.110 --> 01:03:25.770
are we sure we are welcoming and accepting the current tsunami of exam

989
01:03:25.790 --> 01:03:30.330
professionals as well as America and Britain and Australia then did.

990
01:03:31.170 --> 01:03:33.750
There is currently widespread starvation and poverty.

991
01:03:33.960 --> 01:03:37.020
If we are supposed to be the beneficiaries of a global economy,

992
01:03:37.170 --> 01:03:40.830
in which multinationals provide jobs and growth to this country,

993
01:03:41.040 --> 01:03:45.420
do the citizens of this country not have a global responsibility to,

994
01:03:45.421 --> 01:03:50.010
we take seriously those responsibilities, both environmental and humane,

995
01:03:50.730 --> 01:03:51.990
even in our own country.

996
01:03:52.350 --> 01:03:56.070
The original inhabitants died earlier from preventable disease and are

997
01:03:56.071 --> 01:04:00.990
incarcerated at rates way above their percentage in the population yet their art

998
01:04:01.020 --> 01:04:04.620
is the most valuable artistic export we have is not this.

999
01:04:04.621 --> 01:04:09.150
Some version of the grotesque hypocrisy in traditional

1000
01:04:09.151 --> 01:04:13.320
democracies freedoms are increasingly limited in so-called democracies.

1001
01:04:13.500 --> 01:04:18.450
The rapid implementation of autocracies the daily taking of multiple lives

1002
01:04:18.451 --> 01:04:23.160
through acts of gorilla or sectarian or religious or official warfare.

1003
01:04:23.310 --> 01:04:25.950
Is this not a couple of shades dark?

1004
01:04:26.040 --> 01:04:30.990
At least I look at this with as clear and I as possible worming my way

1005
01:04:30.991 --> 01:04:35.160
through the massive means misinformation and trying to get at some version of

1006
01:04:35.161 --> 01:04:37.830
the truth. And at the same time, I want to say,

1007
01:04:37.831 --> 01:04:40.950
I am hopeful that there are answers and there are solutions,

1008
01:04:40.951 --> 01:04:45.930
there are smart people and good ideas and clear analysis and the job in perhaps

1009
01:04:45.931 --> 01:04:47.460
for all of its shortcomings,

1010
01:04:47.670 --> 01:04:52.410
as transparents at democracy that currently exists to persuade the

1011
01:04:52.411 --> 01:04:56.310
majority, to look more carefully, to question, to challenge,

1012
01:04:56.520 --> 01:04:57.540
and to use our vote,

1013
01:04:57.541 --> 01:05:01.530
to put in place representatives who will make the changes we desperately need.

1014
01:05:02.190 --> 01:05:06.540
As Dennis writes, the world is full of alternatives and choices.

1015
01:05:07.980 --> 01:05:12.630
Neoliberalism's real power came from convincing us that we had none we do,

1016
01:05:13.020 --> 01:05:15.510
and making them as the democratic role of citizens,

1017
01:05:15.660 --> 01:05:20.410
not the technocratic of economists, nor of any self-serving elite.

1018
01:05:21.100 --> 01:05:25.690
He also writes democracies only work when citizens are engaged enough to

1019
01:05:25.691 --> 01:05:30.280
set national directions and trusting enough to step back and leave the

1020
01:05:30.281 --> 01:05:32.980
details to their delegates. Instead,

1021
01:05:33.190 --> 01:05:37.450
according to the dictates of neo-liberalism Australians have been told to leave

1022
01:05:37.451 --> 01:05:41.800
the big decisions to the experts, experts. They no longer trust.

1023
01:05:42.850 --> 01:05:47.620
So can art play a role in any of this well,

1024
01:05:47.740 --> 01:05:52.480
spending less time in providing creature comforts as if there is no urgency

1025
01:05:52.750 --> 01:05:54.190
as if there is nothing wrong,

1026
01:05:54.400 --> 01:05:58.870
but instead assisting the efforts in creating awareness would help.

1027
01:05:59.440 --> 01:06:03.820
And that doesn't mean it's all dire and dark artists are very, very good,

1028
01:06:04.090 --> 01:06:08.350
like no others in our society in creating awareness amidst or,

1029
01:06:08.620 --> 01:06:13.030
and laughter and beauty. That's what we can do. And, you know,

1030
01:06:13.031 --> 01:06:15.820
I make a distinction between art and entertainment.

1031
01:06:16.120 --> 01:06:21.100
Entertainment is precisely that thing that comfortably preserves the status quo

1032
01:06:21.130 --> 01:06:25.480
and art is the stuff that stirs, not just in a masturbatory way,

1033
01:06:25.630 --> 01:06:27.190
but stirs to action.

1034
01:06:27.550 --> 01:06:31.090
Art that deserves to be called by that name is not comfortable.

1035
01:06:31.330 --> 01:06:33.250
It will stir you out of your comfort zone,

1036
01:06:33.430 --> 01:06:36.100
either through sheer overstimulation and excitement,

1037
01:06:36.340 --> 01:06:40.390
or by arousing your passion or anger and stirring you to action.

1038
01:06:41.230 --> 01:06:42.100
And in the end,

1039
01:06:42.640 --> 01:06:47.290
even if the arts do not succeed in actually remedying evident wrongs,

1040
01:06:47.680 --> 01:06:50.830
at least if they leave evidence of concern and effort,

1041
01:06:51.160 --> 01:06:55.840
if successive generations can see that at very least we were concerned

1042
01:06:56.050 --> 01:06:59.440
and understood what was wrong and what demanded change.

1043
01:06:59.710 --> 01:07:04.210
Then perhaps we could beg the same treatment that Brett asked for one of

1044
01:07:04.211 --> 01:07:09.160
his, and Iceland's late elegies because if not,

1045
01:07:10.000 --> 01:07:12.400
if all that is left of our age is happy,

1046
01:07:12.401 --> 01:07:16.930
ending musicals and comedies of manners, domestic dramas,

1047
01:07:16.931 --> 01:07:17.830
and thrillers.

1048
01:07:18.190 --> 01:07:22.780
Then perhaps the arts claim for significance and centrality will be

1049
01:07:22.781 --> 01:07:26.410
seen as mainly just a heap of BS.

1050
01:07:26.940 --> 01:07:31.680
<v 2>You will come to the surface of the</v>

1051
01:07:31.681 --> 01:07:35.520
overwhelming deluge, which covered us.

1052
01:07:35.910 --> 01:07:40.380
Just think about our weakness of that top time,

1053
01:07:40.740 --> 01:07:44.850
which all of you escaped.

1054
01:07:45.360 --> 01:07:49.980
Yes. We went as often changing countries as changing

1055
01:07:49.981 --> 01:07:53.850
shoes through the walls of the classes

1056
01:07:55.500 --> 01:08:00.420
disparaging each time we found on abuse and no sense

1057
01:08:00.421 --> 01:08:05.010
of outrage, none less.

1058
01:08:05.040 --> 01:08:10.020
We realize even hatred of debasement can

1059
01:08:10.021 --> 01:08:14.580
distort your features, even anger at injustices.

1060
01:08:14.700 --> 01:08:17.510
Can your voice hoarse? Oh,

1061
01:08:17.511 --> 01:08:22.280
we who used to hope we'd create a

1062
01:08:22.281 --> 01:08:26.240
basis for friendly nurse

1063
01:08:27.770 --> 01:08:30.980
lover could be friendly

1064
01:08:33.800 --> 01:08:37.310
you though when things are moving forward,

1065
01:08:38.210 --> 01:08:42.260
so that man becomes a helper to other man.

1066
01:08:42.620 --> 01:08:46.040
Look back on us with

1067
01:08:47.630 --> 01:08:48.463
indoors.

1068
01:08:54.670 --> 01:08:54.670
<v 0>[Inaudible].</v>