WEBVTT 1 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:06.520 So we looked at some very feasible future scenarios for South Australia, not the RAA, 2 00:00:06.680 --> 00:00:11.860 South Australia as a community, and we brought that into our thinking when it comes to motoring 3 00:00:11.860 --> 00:00:17.940 and also the home. It also feeds very much into our advocacy work and our head of advocacy, 4 00:00:18.220 --> 00:00:26.800 Emily, is here today as well. We have a role to educate, inform and encourage South Australians 5 00:00:26.800 --> 00:00:32.380 on important issues. Now that's not only climate change and sustainability, includes things like 6 00:00:32.380 --> 00:00:37.600 road safety, of course, but also reconciliation, which we're embarking on a journey on as we speak. 7 00:00:38.380 --> 00:00:44.520 We make submissions to the government, and our most recent government, sorry, state budget 8 00:00:44.520 --> 00:00:50.460 submission dealt with sustainable energy, transport network, renewable energy storage 9 00:00:50.460 --> 00:00:56.720 and facilities, investments in renewables, refuelling stations and hydrogen, 10 00:00:56.800 --> 00:01:04.220 vehicle trials, and certainly greater support for individuals when it comes to acquiring EVs, 11 00:01:04.220 --> 00:01:11.840 electric vehicles. We've also worked recently with the state government and SAGE, a local 12 00:01:11.840 --> 00:01:17.480 engineering company, to start looking at smart city solutions. And what's that you say? Well, 13 00:01:17.520 --> 00:01:23.840 that's actually using connectivity of vehicles and data to actually plan a better system for 14 00:01:23.840 --> 00:01:26.060 transport and mobility within the system. 15 00:01:26.060 --> 00:01:30.600 It will include things like public transport, it'll include vehicles, 16 00:01:30.820 --> 00:01:35.360 it'll include heavy transport. But it's working together to capture that data from the 17 00:01:35.360 --> 00:01:40.520 connected system to design a better future in the system. And RIA's very proud to be working with 18 00:01:40.520 --> 00:01:42.640 the state government and SAGE on that. 19 00:01:44.280 --> 00:01:52.680 So, you know, none of us know what the future holds exactly when internal combustion engines are 20 00:01:52.680 --> 00:01:56.040 outnumbered by electric vehicles. There are estimates, but none of us know when the pretend 21 00:01:55.860 --> 00:01:43.960 pretend 22 00:01:56.040 --> 00:02:01.240 of us really know. It's very, very complex. So our role is to be future ready and as I 23 00:02:01.240 --> 00:02:07.840 said educate and address members pain points. The other thing we need to do is to help members 24 00:02:07.840 --> 00:02:15.560 make educated choices about their cars and about their homes and powering of those. So 25 00:02:15.560 --> 00:02:21.160 we do see ourselves very much of having a leadership role in that regard. As I said 26 00:02:21.160 --> 00:02:28.600 750,000 members that we don't take lightly and we look to serve every single day. So 27 00:02:28.600 --> 00:02:33.480 a couple of years ago in the context of that scenario planning I talked about we established 28 00:02:33.480 --> 00:02:39.680 an innovation fund which is millions of dollars every year we put in to innovation to try 29 00:02:39.680 --> 00:02:46.380 and come up with the solutions for members tomorrow. So we've to this point in time invested 30 00:02:46.380 --> 00:02:50.440 in 14 innovation ideas, business opportunities. 31 00:02:50.440 --> 00:02:52.320 some of which you'll know about. 32 00:02:52.480 --> 00:02:55.900 You would have recently seen our solar and battery storage business 33 00:02:55.900 --> 00:02:58.260 being launched and trialled within the RAA. 34 00:02:59.160 --> 00:03:01.000 You may not be aware, 35 00:03:01.120 --> 00:03:03.080 but we collaborated with the state government 36 00:03:03.080 --> 00:03:06.440 and an innovation partner of ours, a business called 11.2, 37 00:03:07.160 --> 00:03:09.540 which is based across the road in Lot 14, 38 00:03:09.740 --> 00:03:11.680 to trial drone technology 39 00:03:11.680 --> 00:03:15.940 to help protect against bushfires and bushland, 40 00:03:16.060 --> 00:03:19.180 to sort of detect how much fuel was in the bushland 41 00:03:19.180 --> 00:03:20.460 and to stand with a view to addressing that. 42 00:03:21.860 --> 00:03:24.600 Similarly, our innovation fund is being used 43 00:03:24.600 --> 00:03:27.500 to finance trials of a new virtual power plant, 44 00:03:27.660 --> 00:03:29.400 which I know some of our other speakers 45 00:03:29.400 --> 00:03:31.600 are going to talk very much about later. 46 00:03:33.000 --> 00:03:36.340 And finally, other emerging technologies 47 00:03:37.180 --> 00:03:38.360 will be a major consideration 48 00:03:39.180 --> 00:03:40.900 as we address issues for our members. 49 00:03:42.320 --> 00:03:46.080 So we're very lucky to have a dedicated team, innovation team. 50 00:03:46.300 --> 00:03:47.900 We're very, very lucky to partner 51 00:03:47.900 --> 00:03:49.160 with 11.2, 52 00:03:49.180 --> 00:03:51.460 as I said, which is a wonderful business 53 00:03:51.460 --> 00:03:53.220 in the innovation ecosystem. 54 00:03:54.360 --> 00:03:55.960 And as you know, 55 00:03:56.100 --> 00:03:58.340 there are already some manufacturers of vehicles, 56 00:03:58.620 --> 00:04:01.440 Ford, General Motors, Jaguar, 57 00:04:01.460 --> 00:04:03.040 who have already said they're not producing 58 00:04:03.040 --> 00:04:05.160 internal combustion engines in the future 59 00:04:05.160 --> 00:04:07.960 and will be only providing electric vehicles. 60 00:04:08.180 --> 00:04:11.140 We need to help our members navigate through that. 61 00:04:12.460 --> 00:04:14.080 So, in summary, 62 00:04:14.240 --> 00:04:18.100 whether it's transitioning our patrols 63 00:04:18.100 --> 00:04:19.160 to service electric vehicles, 64 00:04:19.180 --> 00:04:20.940 whether it's helping members 65 00:04:20.940 --> 00:04:26.020 to have refueling security when it comes to EVs, 66 00:04:26.020 --> 00:04:28.340 we've established a working group 67 00:04:28.340 --> 00:04:31.920 which is focused completely on electric vehicles, 68 00:04:32.220 --> 00:04:34.420 as I said, upskilling the team, 69 00:04:35.500 --> 00:04:39.160 building EVs into our sharing and car subscription programs 70 00:04:40.180 --> 00:04:43.100 and actually having charging stations at our head office. 71 00:04:44.020 --> 00:04:46.440 Of course, we'll also help members install 72 00:04:47.580 --> 00:04:49.100 recharging stations 73 00:04:49.100 --> 00:04:49.720 at home. 74 00:04:49.940 --> 00:04:52.040 So, innovation is not just about technology, 75 00:04:52.280 --> 00:04:54.120 it's about solving problems for people. 76 00:04:54.320 --> 00:04:56.720 So, in summary, what can individuals do? 77 00:04:57.080 --> 00:04:59.180 Of course, not everyone can afford to run out 78 00:04:59.180 --> 00:05:00.700 and buy an EV today. 79 00:05:01.200 --> 00:05:04.220 Not everyone can afford solar and battery today. 80 00:05:04.440 --> 00:05:05.860 But it's about educating members, 81 00:05:06.100 --> 00:05:09.180 helping them find the best technological solution, 82 00:05:09.460 --> 00:05:11.300 providing value solutions for them 83 00:05:11.300 --> 00:05:12.840 so that when people can, 84 00:05:13.080 --> 00:05:16.100 they do actually embrace those aspects. 85 00:05:16.460 --> 00:05:18.160 And I think that's my time done. 86 00:05:18.160 --> 00:05:20.140 So, thank you all very much for listening. 87 00:05:29.800 --> 00:05:32.120 I'd now like to introduce Sam Kraft, 88 00:05:32.340 --> 00:05:33.360 who's going to speak to us about 89 00:05:33.360 --> 00:05:35.360 what can we do as a local society 90 00:05:35.940 --> 00:05:37.940 and what are some of the opportunities 91 00:05:37.940 --> 00:05:39.940 our community needs to hear about. 92 00:05:40.200 --> 00:05:41.980 And thanks, Peter, to yourself, 93 00:05:42.300 --> 00:05:44.740 the 750,000 members of RAA, 94 00:05:44.940 --> 00:05:47.240 and those of us who aren't yet members. 95 00:05:49.400 --> 00:05:49.960 Sam? 96 00:05:54.640 --> 00:05:55.700 Thank you. 97 00:05:56.420 --> 00:05:58.040 Hello and welcome. 98 00:05:58.200 --> 00:06:00.800 You being here means that you have a passion, 99 00:06:01.000 --> 00:06:04.400 an interest, or you're curious about renewable energy, 100 00:06:04.640 --> 00:06:06.120 which is amazing. 101 00:06:07.600 --> 00:06:10.340 Thank you for spending your Saturday morning with us 102 00:06:10.340 --> 00:06:11.240 and braving the cold. 103 00:06:11.620 --> 00:06:14.380 Today, we are going to go on a journey. 104 00:06:15.080 --> 00:06:18.060 So, first, I'd like you to raise your hand 105 00:06:18.060 --> 00:06:18.140 and ask your question. 106 00:06:18.140 --> 00:06:20.360 Raise your hand if you've ever thought about getting solar. 107 00:06:22.020 --> 00:06:23.120 Amazing. Perfect. 108 00:06:24.140 --> 00:06:27.800 Now, raise your hand if you do have solar or a battery at home. 109 00:06:29.020 --> 00:06:29.540 Incredible. 110 00:06:30.560 --> 00:06:32.520 Now, here's the kicker of a question. 111 00:06:33.120 --> 00:06:35.020 And please be honest with me. 112 00:06:35.120 --> 00:06:35.720 I'll know. 113 00:06:37.520 --> 00:06:42.480 Um, who has experienced, seen, or heard of a solar nightmare? 114 00:06:44.200 --> 00:06:46.540 No one. Yes. Good. Good. 115 00:06:46.540 --> 00:06:47.720 Come on, guys. 116 00:06:47.820 --> 00:06:50.940 No one's ever told you that they've had a terrible experience with solar? 117 00:06:51.340 --> 00:06:54.640 Read it on the news that solar systems are catching on fire? 118 00:06:56.220 --> 00:06:57.780 Yep. Couple. Perfect. 119 00:06:57.940 --> 00:07:00.020 That they're not doing what they're supposed to do, 120 00:07:00.080 --> 00:07:01.340 that they're not saving you money, 121 00:07:01.380 --> 00:07:04.300 and they're horrible, rubbish pieces of crap? 122 00:07:06.100 --> 00:07:08.120 Thank you. Getting some honesty. We'll try again. Ready. 123 00:07:08.260 --> 00:07:09.920 Who has heard of a solar nightmare? 124 00:07:10.940 --> 00:07:12.760 Thank you. Some honesty. Perfect. 125 00:07:12.980 --> 00:07:13.300 All right. 126 00:07:14.780 --> 00:07:16.520 So, I believe that, 127 00:07:16.540 --> 00:07:19.000 I believe that accelerating energy, renewable energy, 128 00:07:19.160 --> 00:07:21.960 is a fundamental step to achieving net zero 129 00:07:22.540 --> 00:07:25.640 and preventing the chaos of climate change. 130 00:07:27.240 --> 00:07:29.660 Renewables, and especially solar, 131 00:07:30.540 --> 00:07:31.860 is the best solution. 132 00:07:32.320 --> 00:07:35.880 But we have to do it sustainably. 133 00:07:37.260 --> 00:07:38.580 I'm going to repeat that, 134 00:07:39.540 --> 00:07:40.840 because it's so important. 135 00:07:42.100 --> 00:07:45.360 Solar is the best solution for net zero, 136 00:07:45.360 --> 00:07:49.120 but we need to do this in the most sustainable way. 137 00:07:50.860 --> 00:07:53.700 As Mike mentioned, I work with NRG Solar, 138 00:07:53.860 --> 00:07:55.700 and I work with an amazing team there. 139 00:07:55.840 --> 00:07:57.180 We're full of passion, hope, 140 00:07:57.420 --> 00:07:59.600 and we live our lives on the solar coaster. 141 00:07:59.780 --> 00:08:01.420 We have lots of ups and downs. 142 00:08:02.820 --> 00:08:04.700 We ensure that we are sustainable, 143 00:08:04.800 --> 00:08:06.920 and it all began in 2014. 144 00:08:08.040 --> 00:08:12.120 We started the business servicing and repairing existing solar systems. 145 00:08:13.220 --> 00:08:14.960 These we call orphans. 146 00:08:15.360 --> 00:08:17.360 Their solar companies are no longer around, 147 00:08:17.540 --> 00:08:18.800 and they have problems. 148 00:08:19.980 --> 00:08:21.680 We went out to these homes, 149 00:08:21.700 --> 00:08:23.760 and we got to see some really good practices, 150 00:08:23.960 --> 00:08:25.560 some terrible practices, 151 00:08:25.940 --> 00:08:27.360 some great products, 152 00:08:27.360 --> 00:08:28.700 and some terrible products. 153 00:08:29.020 --> 00:08:31.480 We learnt about what a warranty really means, 154 00:08:31.740 --> 00:08:33.980 and what is important to a customer 155 00:08:33.980 --> 00:08:36.100 that's going to get the most out of solar. 156 00:08:37.640 --> 00:08:38.540 Fast forward, 157 00:08:38.700 --> 00:08:41.780 we now are the largest supplier of quality solar 158 00:08:41.780 --> 00:08:43.720 and battery systems in South Australia, 159 00:08:43.880 --> 00:08:45.040 as well as commercial. 160 00:08:47.400 --> 00:08:48.700 From our experiences, 161 00:08:48.900 --> 00:08:50.820 I'd like to share with you two stories, 162 00:08:50.960 --> 00:08:53.100 two different solar journeys, if you like. 163 00:08:53.840 --> 00:08:55.180 All are real scenarios, 164 00:08:55.200 --> 00:08:57.240 and have been given to me by feedback, 165 00:08:57.960 --> 00:08:59.900 although the names have made up. 166 00:09:01.000 --> 00:09:01.940 We have Joe. 167 00:09:02.300 --> 00:09:03.840 Joe is a forward thinker. 168 00:09:03.980 --> 00:09:05.760 He likes renewable energy, 169 00:09:05.940 --> 00:09:08.720 and he thinks it's going to be a good investment for his home. 170 00:09:09.700 --> 00:09:10.960 We also have Donald. 171 00:09:11.340 --> 00:09:13.640 Donald doesn't really know much about solar. 172 00:09:14.320 --> 00:09:15.340 He's very creative. 173 00:09:15.360 --> 00:09:15.620 He's very busy. 174 00:09:15.800 --> 00:09:20.220 But he sees a $2,999 drive-away price on the TV, 175 00:09:20.420 --> 00:09:21.260 and thinks, 176 00:09:21.300 --> 00:09:23.440 hey, that might be something that I want. 177 00:09:24.760 --> 00:09:26.580 Joe calls Solar Company A, 178 00:09:27.360 --> 00:09:29.320 and obviously they're delighted 179 00:09:29.320 --> 00:09:32.100 that they're taking the first step on their solar journey. 180 00:09:33.200 --> 00:09:36.160 Solar Company A goes out to Joe's home. 181 00:09:37.580 --> 00:09:39.700 Donald calls Solar Company B. 182 00:09:40.600 --> 00:09:43.480 They're letting him know that the deal that he saw on the TV 183 00:09:43.480 --> 00:09:45.180 is a very limited time offer, 184 00:09:45.180 --> 00:09:48.300 and he'll even throw in two free solar panels, 185 00:09:48.440 --> 00:09:51.120 but they have to make a decision in the next 24 hours. 186 00:09:52.520 --> 00:09:55.500 Solar Company A goes to the home, 187 00:09:55.640 --> 00:09:56.900 checks out the meter box, 188 00:09:57.100 --> 00:09:58.160 all the really cool things, 189 00:09:58.280 --> 00:09:59.680 looks at your electricity bills, 190 00:09:59.820 --> 00:10:03.000 gives you an education on how to get the most out of your solar system, 191 00:10:03.140 --> 00:10:04.640 and designs it accordingly. 192 00:10:06.360 --> 00:10:09.520 Joe gets a quote that's about a three to four year payback. 193 00:10:11.700 --> 00:10:13.640 Donald gets a quote via email, 194 00:10:13.640 --> 00:10:16.200 not designed for his electricity usage, 195 00:10:16.260 --> 00:10:18.020 and it's a box package system, 196 00:10:18.340 --> 00:10:20.560 but hey, it's got a two to three year payback. 197 00:10:23.020 --> 00:10:24.300 Installation day comes around, 198 00:10:24.460 --> 00:10:26.400 and Joe is so excited, 199 00:10:27.040 --> 00:10:28.320 and it goes perfectly. 200 00:10:28.740 --> 00:10:30.680 Everything happens as it should, 201 00:10:30.840 --> 00:10:32.740 and at the end of the installation, 202 00:10:32.820 --> 00:10:35.340 the installers show them how to use their inverter, 203 00:10:35.500 --> 00:10:37.400 how to use their monitoring app, 204 00:10:37.560 --> 00:10:39.740 and answers any questions that they have. 205 00:10:40.700 --> 00:10:43.180 Donald, they come in, they rush, they get it done, 206 00:10:43.180 --> 00:10:44.480 and then they leave. 207 00:10:44.700 --> 00:10:48.260 They give him some instructions to set up their Wi-Fi monitoring, 208 00:10:48.540 --> 00:10:49.360 and off they go. 209 00:10:52.360 --> 00:10:53.840 Joe then has his app, 210 00:10:53.980 --> 00:10:56.020 and he's able to change his habits 211 00:10:56.020 --> 00:10:58.300 on how the solar is working. 212 00:10:58.500 --> 00:11:00.760 So he learns what consumption, 213 00:11:00.980 --> 00:11:02.620 how much is he drawing from the grid, 214 00:11:02.760 --> 00:11:04.560 how much is he exporting from the grid, 215 00:11:04.680 --> 00:11:08.000 and what the best way is to use that energy. 216 00:11:09.280 --> 00:11:11.960 Donald doesn't even know if his solar system is working, 217 00:11:11.960 --> 00:11:13.300 but he seems to be getting a bill. 218 00:11:14.700 --> 00:11:16.900 Now, the relationship doesn't end here. 219 00:11:17.280 --> 00:11:19.920 To have a solar system is a relationship 220 00:11:19.920 --> 00:11:23.500 you want to have with that company for 10, 15 years. 221 00:11:23.620 --> 00:11:25.520 You may want upgrades, you might want batteries, 222 00:11:25.680 --> 00:11:27.820 you may need to get it serviced or repaired. 223 00:11:29.640 --> 00:11:30.780 Joe, three years on, 224 00:11:31.220 --> 00:11:33.520 gets a service done on his solar system, 225 00:11:33.640 --> 00:11:34.640 cleans his panels, 226 00:11:34.740 --> 00:11:36.460 makes sure everything's working as it should. 227 00:11:37.180 --> 00:11:40.100 Donald, three years later, paid off the solar system. 228 00:11:40.420 --> 00:11:41.420 Amazing for him, 229 00:11:41.420 --> 00:11:43.500 but he's still got those electricity bills. 230 00:11:44.240 --> 00:11:47.180 Not to mention he's tried to call Company B to get some help 231 00:11:47.180 --> 00:11:48.840 because there's a red light on his inverter, 232 00:11:48.960 --> 00:11:51.000 but no-one seems to answer his phone calls. 233 00:11:53.220 --> 00:11:54.820 So then his inverter's broken, 234 00:11:55.060 --> 00:11:56.520 he waits three or four months, 235 00:11:56.620 --> 00:11:57.560 and he gets it replaced. 236 00:11:59.220 --> 00:12:00.440 Four, five years on, 237 00:12:00.520 --> 00:12:02.940 for Joe, and the system's paid itself off. 238 00:12:04.480 --> 00:12:05.960 Donald, five years later, 239 00:12:06.080 --> 00:12:07.900 can't get his solar system repaired 240 00:12:07.900 --> 00:12:10.080 and ends up replacing his solar system. 241 00:12:10.640 --> 00:12:11.400 Ten years on, 242 00:12:11.400 --> 00:12:13.660 for Joe, six years of profit, 243 00:12:13.860 --> 00:12:15.560 happy with your solar system, 244 00:12:15.720 --> 00:12:17.380 is thinking about getting a battery. 245 00:12:18.600 --> 00:12:21.200 Donald's paid for two solar systems ten years on, 246 00:12:21.320 --> 00:12:23.180 hates solar and thinks it's all a sham. 247 00:12:24.620 --> 00:12:25.700 Why does it matter? 248 00:12:27.840 --> 00:12:31.000 Sustainable solar is in our hands as a community. 249 00:12:32.280 --> 00:12:34.600 Consumers who have good experiences with solar 250 00:12:34.600 --> 00:12:36.260 tell their friends and family, 251 00:12:36.400 --> 00:12:39.860 and more and more people take the plunge into the solar journey. 252 00:12:40.760 --> 00:12:43.860 If a solar system is designed for your needs, 253 00:12:44.140 --> 00:12:46.220 you are going to get the most out of it. 254 00:12:48.680 --> 00:12:51.400 Replacing solar systems, again, is crap. 255 00:12:51.680 --> 00:12:53.320 They end up in landfill. 256 00:12:53.440 --> 00:12:55.440 That is not what they're designed to do. 257 00:12:55.680 --> 00:12:58.600 There are a few recycling plants around, 258 00:12:58.760 --> 00:12:59.480 but not enough. 259 00:12:59.940 --> 00:13:02.300 Solar systems can't end up in landfill. 260 00:13:03.160 --> 00:13:05.000 It's not good for your return on investment, 261 00:13:05.860 --> 00:13:08.140 and solar is the first stepping stone 262 00:13:08.140 --> 00:13:09.760 to opening up larger initiatives 263 00:13:09.760 --> 00:13:12.940 like hydro, hydrogen, large batteries. 264 00:13:14.780 --> 00:13:18.000 Solar systems not achieving what they're designed to do 265 00:13:18.000 --> 00:13:20.980 is not sustainable and not the way to hit net zero. 266 00:13:22.880 --> 00:13:24.360 Renewables are the destination, 267 00:13:24.680 --> 00:13:26.440 and we are all on the journey. 268 00:13:26.820 --> 00:13:28.840 Be a part of the sustainable future. 269 00:13:29.100 --> 00:13:29.860 Thank you. 270 00:13:41.540 --> 00:13:43.460 Thank you so much, Sam. 271 00:13:43.680 --> 00:13:46.740 And as you see, because of COVID rules between speakers, 272 00:13:46.940 --> 00:13:48.620 and we'll do this with your questions 273 00:13:48.620 --> 00:13:50.460 at the microphone in the center, 274 00:13:51.440 --> 00:13:52.840 it's sprayed down. 275 00:13:53.100 --> 00:13:55.300 Now, Sam spoke very specifically 276 00:13:55.300 --> 00:13:58.540 that solar is the best solution to net zero, 277 00:13:58.640 --> 00:14:00.360 but we have to do this sustainably. 278 00:14:00.580 --> 00:14:03.440 Our next speaker, Chris, is going to speak about 279 00:14:03.440 --> 00:14:06.100 what are some of the national and international efforts 280 00:14:06.100 --> 00:14:08.540 we should look towards as citizens of Australia, 281 00:14:08.540 --> 00:14:09.920 and global citizens. 282 00:14:10.200 --> 00:14:12.020 And for those of you who heard his talk yesterday, 283 00:14:12.220 --> 00:14:14.820 his study actually took an agnostic view 284 00:14:14.820 --> 00:14:17.660 towards technology in a country that has, 285 00:14:17.780 --> 00:14:20.560 for example, the opportunity to deploy nuclear, 286 00:14:20.720 --> 00:14:22.640 which our country here does not. 287 00:14:22.960 --> 00:14:24.360 Chris, thanks. 288 00:14:24.440 --> 00:14:25.760 Looking forward to your intervention. 289 00:14:26.980 --> 00:14:27.880 Thanks, Michael. 290 00:14:28.120 --> 00:14:29.880 And thanks, everyone, for coming out. 291 00:14:31.840 --> 00:14:34.640 So I'm going to sort of take a bigger step, 292 00:14:34.720 --> 00:14:36.360 and I think the guiding instructions 293 00:14:36.360 --> 00:14:38.420 where we've got a global climate crisis 294 00:14:38.540 --> 00:14:40.560 and it is a global crisis, right? 295 00:14:40.640 --> 00:14:44.940 So the emissions from Moomba affect the climate in Mumbai. 296 00:14:45.300 --> 00:14:48.780 The emissions in Adelaide affect the climate in Alice Springs. 297 00:14:49.020 --> 00:14:51.600 And so what we've got to do is, you know, 298 00:14:51.640 --> 00:14:52.840 I want to think about this globally. 299 00:14:53.800 --> 00:14:55.840 And some of the trends that we're seeing, 300 00:14:56.000 --> 00:14:59.520 I think the first one is this commitment to net zero, right? 301 00:14:59.620 --> 00:15:02.080 So we should think about what does that really mean? 302 00:15:02.660 --> 00:15:05.120 The second point I want to talk about is that... 303 00:15:05.940 --> 00:15:08.180 This probably might be a little controversial after... 304 00:15:08.540 --> 00:15:11.540 ..after so far, but it's much more than about power 305 00:15:11.540 --> 00:15:13.740 and it's much more than about renewables 306 00:15:13.740 --> 00:15:16.480 and really a lot more than about solar. 307 00:15:16.580 --> 00:15:19.100 So I'll talk a little more broadly about that. 308 00:15:19.500 --> 00:15:21.660 I want to talk about some of the challenges 309 00:15:21.660 --> 00:15:25.000 that could stymie efforts to get to net zero. 310 00:15:25.940 --> 00:15:28.240 And then I want to propose an idea 311 00:15:28.240 --> 00:15:30.580 that might overcome some of those challenges. 312 00:15:31.480 --> 00:15:33.860 So what does net zero mean? 313 00:15:34.060 --> 00:15:37.960 Net zero for the global economy means basically 314 00:15:37.960 --> 00:15:42.740 that every source of a greenhouse gas that is being produced 315 00:15:42.740 --> 00:15:46.600 must be exactly matched by the sinks, 316 00:15:46.780 --> 00:15:49.520 the uptake of those greenhouse gases. 317 00:15:49.960 --> 00:15:54.460 And so, you know, greenhouse gases are coming from agriculture, 318 00:15:54.460 --> 00:15:59.540 so cattle, from our energy use, from our cars, et cetera. 319 00:15:59.620 --> 00:16:00.640 So we actually... 320 00:16:00.640 --> 00:16:04.020 The energy and industrial sector's going to have to go negative, right? 321 00:16:04.100 --> 00:16:07.200 Because assuming we all consume some beef 322 00:16:07.200 --> 00:16:08.720 and we continue to graze cattle, 323 00:16:08.900 --> 00:16:11.640 that's going to be really hard to get to zero. 324 00:16:12.100 --> 00:16:14.240 And I think the other thing we've got to keep in mind 325 00:16:14.240 --> 00:16:16.180 is the population continues to grow. 326 00:16:16.480 --> 00:16:20.080 And as a globe and as a global group of citizens, 327 00:16:20.200 --> 00:16:24.140 we have an obsession with economic wellbeing and growth, right? 328 00:16:24.240 --> 00:16:27.900 And we're wealthy, but 4 billion people in the world right today 329 00:16:27.900 --> 00:16:30.160 are still what I would classify as poor. 330 00:16:30.380 --> 00:16:32.580 And they're going to want to continue to increase 331 00:16:32.580 --> 00:16:35.500 their consumption of goods and services. 332 00:16:37.220 --> 00:16:42.840 So, you know, net zero is becoming a really big mantra around the world. 333 00:16:42.920 --> 00:16:44.140 I actually like this. 334 00:16:44.460 --> 00:16:47.440 I'm much more engaged with net zero 335 00:16:47.440 --> 00:16:50.780 than I was with below two degrees or well below two degrees, 336 00:16:50.900 --> 00:16:53.100 because what does that actually mean for a country? 337 00:16:53.240 --> 00:16:56.620 You know, what have I got to do to keep the whole world below two degrees? 338 00:16:56.760 --> 00:16:59.660 Whereas what have I got to do to get to net zero? 339 00:16:59.740 --> 00:17:02.080 That's something that you can apply to a national, 340 00:17:02.280 --> 00:17:05.400 to a company, to a state or to an individual. 341 00:17:05.500 --> 00:17:09.240 You could actually do an assessment of your own emissions 342 00:17:09.240 --> 00:17:10.940 and you could decide, OK... 343 00:17:10.940 --> 00:17:13.180 And you could measure those and you could make yourself a commitment 344 00:17:13.180 --> 00:17:17.660 to reduce them 20% each year through some kind of activity, 345 00:17:17.860 --> 00:17:19.760 whether it's putting solar on your roof, 346 00:17:19.940 --> 00:17:22.480 whether it's reducing the amount of driving you do, 347 00:17:22.560 --> 00:17:25.020 buying an EV or eating less meat, right? 348 00:17:26.240 --> 00:17:27.580 Recycling your waste, et cetera. 349 00:17:28.340 --> 00:17:30.900 Now, what are some of the key challenges, though? 350 00:17:32.380 --> 00:17:34.520 So, firstly, let's go back to net zero. 351 00:17:34.520 --> 00:17:37.180 The US is now committed to it, right? 352 00:17:37.480 --> 00:17:39.300 That's the world's second biggest economy. 353 00:17:40.000 --> 00:17:43.920 China has committed to it, not by 2050, but by 2060, 354 00:17:43.980 --> 00:17:45.940 the world's second biggest economy. 355 00:17:47.120 --> 00:17:48.780 Europe is committing to it. 356 00:17:49.420 --> 00:17:51.480 Japan has committed to it. 357 00:17:51.520 --> 00:17:53.240 South Korea has committed to it. 358 00:17:53.660 --> 00:17:56.440 Altogether, around 60 countries have committed to it. 359 00:17:57.040 --> 00:18:02.480 Shell, BP, Oxy, huge companies, 360 00:18:02.580 --> 00:18:04.180 huge companies with big emissions, 361 00:18:04.520 --> 00:18:05.820 huge footprints have committed to net zero. 362 00:18:05.960 --> 00:18:06.820 So this is coming. 363 00:18:07.480 --> 00:18:10.440 Australia hasn't committed to it, but most of the states have. 364 00:18:10.640 --> 00:18:15.220 So, you know, this is something we have to really get to grips with. 365 00:18:16.540 --> 00:18:18.100 What could stymie it? 366 00:18:18.680 --> 00:18:20.200 So, if you... 367 00:18:20.200 --> 00:18:21.660 For those who weren't there yesterday, 368 00:18:22.040 --> 00:18:26.720 I showed some maps of what net zero in the US would look like 369 00:18:26.720 --> 00:18:29.700 under a whole range of different technological pathways. 370 00:18:30.400 --> 00:18:32.740 It is enormous, right? 371 00:18:32.780 --> 00:18:34.500 The amount of infrastructure that you have, 372 00:18:34.520 --> 00:18:35.240 the amount of infrastructure that you have to build 373 00:18:35.240 --> 00:18:37.600 to get to net zero is mind-blowing. 374 00:18:38.040 --> 00:18:40.120 In our middle-of-the-road scenario, 375 00:18:40.360 --> 00:18:44.160 we had 1.5 terawatts of solar. 376 00:18:44.340 --> 00:18:46.420 So that's 1,500 gigawatts. 377 00:18:46.680 --> 00:18:51.520 The system of South Australia is, what, 10 gigawatts? 378 00:18:51.640 --> 00:18:52.660 Something like that? 379 00:18:52.880 --> 00:18:56.260 So massive, massive amounts of infrastructure. 380 00:18:56.460 --> 00:19:02.300 There's 1,500 gigawatts of wind, solar as well. 381 00:19:02.300 --> 00:19:05.300 There is a billion tonnes of CCS, 382 00:19:06.040 --> 00:19:08.220 so a billion tonnes of CO2, 383 00:19:08.320 --> 00:19:10.980 being captured from cement plants, 384 00:19:11.260 --> 00:19:12.700 from bioenergy plants, 385 00:19:12.980 --> 00:19:15.360 and being injected into the subsurface. 386 00:19:15.560 --> 00:19:18.240 And then there are some nuclear plants being built. 387 00:19:18.700 --> 00:19:23.960 There are 200 million electric vehicles to be put on the road. 388 00:19:24.540 --> 00:19:28.300 There are 150 million households 389 00:19:28.300 --> 00:19:31.240 that have to convert from natural gas furnace heating 390 00:19:31.240 --> 00:19:33.380 to electric heating. 391 00:19:33.760 --> 00:19:35.820 The transition is massive. 392 00:19:37.240 --> 00:19:39.720 South Australia is a wonderful laboratory, right? 393 00:19:39.780 --> 00:19:41.320 It's a small state. 394 00:19:42.300 --> 00:19:45.180 It's not a very dense population. 395 00:19:45.180 --> 00:19:46.500 It has great resources. 396 00:19:46.840 --> 00:19:50.520 So I think the effort of South Australia getting to net zero 397 00:19:50.520 --> 00:19:54.660 is much, much easier than the effort of getting the world to net zero. 398 00:19:55.620 --> 00:20:00.360 When I think about, then, those challenges that I've just spoken to, 399 00:20:00.360 --> 00:20:03.440 like, you know, the amount of wind, the amount of solar, 400 00:20:03.460 --> 00:20:04.280 the amount of nuclear, 401 00:20:04.480 --> 00:20:07.320 the things that might stymie net zero 402 00:20:07.320 --> 00:20:11.860 are things like community acceptance of landscape changes. 403 00:20:12.200 --> 00:20:14.620 We're already seeing pushback in the US 404 00:20:15.360 --> 00:20:17.680 on large-scale wind and transmission, 405 00:20:17.860 --> 00:20:20.480 and we haven't even started the transition, right? 406 00:20:20.580 --> 00:20:22.800 But we're already seeing community pushback. 407 00:20:23.440 --> 00:20:25.920 The other thing that might stymie it, I think, 408 00:20:25.920 --> 00:20:30.220 is our failure to deal with communities left behind. 409 00:20:30.220 --> 00:20:31.840 In the United States, 410 00:20:31.980 --> 00:20:34.380 that's places like the Texas Gulf Coast, Louisiana. 411 00:20:35.060 --> 00:20:37.560 It's the Appalachias where we mine coal. 412 00:20:37.720 --> 00:20:40.800 In Australia, it's the Latrobe Valley in Victoria. 413 00:20:41.160 --> 00:20:43.420 It's the Bowen Basin in Queensland, 414 00:20:43.480 --> 00:20:46.560 and it's the Hunter Valley in New South Wales. 415 00:20:47.120 --> 00:20:50.280 Unless we have a plan that helps communities 416 00:20:50.280 --> 00:20:52.920 who are currently dependent on fossil fuels 417 00:20:52.920 --> 00:20:56.040 to make the transition and not be left behind, 418 00:20:56.100 --> 00:20:59.320 not be left jobless, we will fail, right? 419 00:20:59.420 --> 00:21:00.200 We will fail. 420 00:21:00.220 --> 00:21:01.840 We will fail politically and socially. 421 00:21:03.660 --> 00:21:05.580 And so, for me, 422 00:21:05.760 --> 00:21:10.380 when I think about a viable pathway to net zero at a global scale, 423 00:21:11.080 --> 00:21:13.900 I think we're going to need an entirely new model 424 00:21:13.900 --> 00:21:15.820 of the way we develop projects, 425 00:21:16.040 --> 00:21:21.820 a model in which governments, corporations and communities 426 00:21:21.820 --> 00:21:23.780 are partners in the transition. 427 00:21:24.120 --> 00:21:26.880 So if I think of a state like Iowa, 428 00:21:27.020 --> 00:21:28.720 a Midwest state that's currently 429 00:21:28.720 --> 00:21:33.760 mostly pig farming, corn farming and rural, 430 00:21:34.360 --> 00:21:36.580 but we want to build all of this wind, 431 00:21:36.640 --> 00:21:39.280 we are going to have to make those farmers 432 00:21:39.280 --> 00:21:40.880 partners in the projects. 433 00:21:41.720 --> 00:21:43.940 We are going to have to have the government 434 00:21:44.720 --> 00:21:49.000 forcing businesses to share the rewards of energy services. 435 00:21:49.300 --> 00:21:51.580 So we can't have a system like we've had in the past 436 00:21:51.580 --> 00:21:54.360 where the big oil companies have profited 437 00:21:54.360 --> 00:21:58.640 at the expense of communities and big coal companies and so forth. 438 00:21:59.400 --> 00:22:01.840 So I think the challenge of getting to net zero 439 00:22:01.840 --> 00:22:04.920 is a humongous challenge, 440 00:22:05.020 --> 00:22:06.020 the biggest challenge, 441 00:22:06.260 --> 00:22:09.760 the biggest infrastructure challenge at a global scale we've ever seen, 442 00:22:09.880 --> 00:22:11.740 way beyond war efforts. 443 00:22:12.620 --> 00:22:14.680 And so, you know, as communities, 444 00:22:14.760 --> 00:22:18.040 I think my advice would be be open-minded, 445 00:22:18.140 --> 00:22:23.040 be committed and try and track your own emissions year by year 446 00:22:23.040 --> 00:22:25.700 with a commitment to yourself to take them to zero. 447 00:22:26.140 --> 00:22:26.920 Thank you. 448 00:22:33.420 --> 00:22:38.520 What a challenge for our country here to become net zero, 449 00:22:38.660 --> 00:22:40.940 and Chris, thanks for your and your colleagues' 450 00:22:41.640 --> 00:22:44.860 really visionary research that's showing how it can be done. 451 00:22:46.820 --> 00:22:49.940 Chris, you also mentioned that SA is a wonderful laboratory, 452 00:22:50.640 --> 00:22:53.720 and our next speaker, Chrissy, is actually going to give us some examples 453 00:22:53.720 --> 00:22:58.180 of some concrete change that she and others have been involved with, 454 00:22:58.180 --> 00:23:01.980 some really exciting projects that are advancing change 455 00:23:01.980 --> 00:23:04.900 in everyday life for people in Adelaide and our state. 456 00:23:05.360 --> 00:23:06.040 Chrissy, over to you. 457 00:23:06.380 --> 00:23:08.060 Fantastic. Thank you, Michael, 458 00:23:08.200 --> 00:23:10.340 and thank you, everyone, for being here today. 459 00:23:10.620 --> 00:23:14.440 I find that we're really lucky to be able to be here in person 460 00:23:14.440 --> 00:23:15.740 and to have this conversation, 461 00:23:15.980 --> 00:23:18.660 and indeed, my family are also grateful 462 00:23:18.660 --> 00:23:21.500 because they're sick and tired of hearing me speak about renewable hydrogen, 463 00:23:21.640 --> 00:23:23.340 so now I've got some new ears 464 00:23:23.340 --> 00:23:25.680 and hopefully get some different perspectives on that. 465 00:23:25.780 --> 00:23:27.660 And I've also really enjoyed hearing others' 466 00:23:27.660 --> 00:23:30.640 speak today, and what is really heartening 467 00:23:30.640 --> 00:23:33.480 is just the recognition of the challenge 468 00:23:33.480 --> 00:23:37.600 and that we have a long way to go, but there is a way to get there, 469 00:23:37.760 --> 00:23:41.020 and I think hopefully you'll find that what I'm about to say 470 00:23:41.020 --> 00:23:42.980 is quite aligned with that as well. 471 00:23:43.320 --> 00:23:46.200 And so, as Michael mentioned, I work for a company 472 00:23:46.200 --> 00:23:48.900 called Australian Gas Infrastructure Group, 473 00:23:49.080 --> 00:23:51.740 and what we do is own infrastructure, 474 00:23:52.020 --> 00:23:56.520 and what that infrastructure does is actually deliver for customers. 475 00:23:56.640 --> 00:23:57.640 I'm not a gas producer. 476 00:23:57.660 --> 00:23:59.200 I own pipes. 477 00:23:59.500 --> 00:24:01.820 Well, I don't, obviously, but we do. 478 00:24:03.040 --> 00:24:06.500 And at the heart of what we do, though, is delivering for customers. 479 00:24:07.080 --> 00:24:10.040 And we deliver energy to them safely and reliably, 480 00:24:10.220 --> 00:24:11.940 and we check in with them to make sure 481 00:24:11.940 --> 00:24:13.920 that we're delivering in line with their expectations. 482 00:24:14.360 --> 00:24:17.580 And unsurprisingly, they value the reliability. 483 00:24:17.920 --> 00:24:18.980 Safety is a given. 484 00:24:19.360 --> 00:24:20.620 Price is important. 485 00:24:20.920 --> 00:24:23.200 But more and more, what we're hearing them say 486 00:24:23.200 --> 00:24:26.420 is we want to know how you're going to reduce your carbon emissions 487 00:24:26.420 --> 00:24:29.060 and be sustainable, and that's consistent with what we hear 488 00:24:29.060 --> 00:24:32.140 from our stakeholders, and it's consistent with our own company values. 489 00:24:32.440 --> 00:24:33.860 How can we do more? 490 00:24:34.260 --> 00:24:37.640 As I mentioned, what we deliver at the moment is natural gas, 491 00:24:37.800 --> 00:24:41.320 and natural gas is really important to the economy at the moment, 492 00:24:41.340 --> 00:24:43.280 to many industries, to homes. 493 00:24:43.460 --> 00:24:45.140 We often don't think about it. 494 00:24:45.200 --> 00:24:48.260 Our assets are all underground, which makes us incredibly reliable. 495 00:24:48.380 --> 00:24:52.740 On average, you'll have an unplanned gas outage for one hour every 40 years. 496 00:24:52.900 --> 00:24:56.400 It also means that none of my friends and family know who I work for, 497 00:24:56.400 --> 00:25:00.080 or what I do, because it's just not top of mind. 498 00:25:00.220 --> 00:25:03.840 But when you use things like cement, it's produced using gas. 499 00:25:04.000 --> 00:25:07.040 The average home in Victoria uses two-thirds natural gas 500 00:25:07.040 --> 00:25:08.380 and one-third electricity. 501 00:25:08.700 --> 00:25:10.540 So it is important. 502 00:25:11.200 --> 00:25:15.260 And it has been lower carbon than electricity from coal and gas. 503 00:25:15.500 --> 00:25:16.800 But that is not enough. 504 00:25:17.020 --> 00:25:20.260 We need to hit net zero, as Chris just mentioned, 505 00:25:20.440 --> 00:25:23.300 and we can do that using things like renewable gas. 506 00:25:23.580 --> 00:25:26.240 When I say renewable gas, what I mean is, 507 00:25:26.400 --> 00:25:29.560 you can use biomethane, which is a net carbon neutral gas. 508 00:25:29.720 --> 00:25:32.040 It's produced from waste, and it can be carbon negative 509 00:25:32.040 --> 00:25:33.520 if you capture that carbon. 510 00:25:33.640 --> 00:25:37.480 Or renewable hydrogen, which is what I'm talking to you about today. 511 00:25:37.760 --> 00:25:40.500 And we are already doing it, 512 00:25:40.540 --> 00:25:42.960 and our infrastructure can take hydrogen today. 513 00:25:43.500 --> 00:25:46.200 So that is really exciting for us. 514 00:25:47.280 --> 00:25:48.580 Hydrogen, what is it? 515 00:25:48.780 --> 00:25:52.100 Someone once asked if we or my business came up with hydrogen. 516 00:25:52.360 --> 00:25:54.100 I wish I could say we did, but we didn't. 517 00:25:54.140 --> 00:25:56.380 It's the most abundant molecule in the universe. 518 00:25:56.400 --> 00:26:00.380 It is used by industry around the world today. 519 00:26:01.780 --> 00:26:03.260 It's found in many things. 520 00:26:03.320 --> 00:26:05.540 It's just often found attached to something else. 521 00:26:05.820 --> 00:26:09.240 What's good about hydrogen is it is quite similar to natural gas. 522 00:26:09.380 --> 00:26:12.520 We can transport it through our polyethylene or plastic pipelines 523 00:26:12.520 --> 00:26:13.700 that run through the cities. 524 00:26:13.940 --> 00:26:16.680 It contains energy. It's a great carrier of energy. 525 00:26:17.000 --> 00:26:19.740 But what is best about hydrogen is when you burn it, 526 00:26:19.780 --> 00:26:22.340 there are no associated carbon emissions with it. 527 00:26:22.520 --> 00:26:25.000 What's also good is we can produce it renewably 528 00:26:25.000 --> 00:26:26.260 using renewable energy. 529 00:26:26.400 --> 00:26:29.840 So we can use electricity to split water, H2O, 530 00:26:29.920 --> 00:26:31.640 into hydrogen and oxygen. 531 00:26:31.800 --> 00:26:34.080 So that can be a complete carbon-free process. 532 00:26:34.440 --> 00:26:37.120 And indeed, that's what we're already doing today. 533 00:26:37.220 --> 00:26:39.140 Down at the Tonsley Innovation District, 534 00:26:39.220 --> 00:26:41.520 we have a project called Hydrogen Park South Australia. 535 00:26:41.760 --> 00:26:43.620 It was launched in May this year, 536 00:26:43.740 --> 00:26:45.880 and it is producing renewable hydrogen, 537 00:26:46.100 --> 00:26:47.720 and it is supplying that hydrogen. 538 00:26:47.820 --> 00:26:50.300 It blends up to 5% with natural gas 539 00:26:50.300 --> 00:26:53.500 to over 700 homes in the suburb of Mitchell Park. 540 00:26:53.720 --> 00:26:55.500 That community didn't have to do anything. 541 00:26:55.560 --> 00:26:56.380 It's going through the process. 542 00:26:56.380 --> 00:26:57.220 It's going through the existing network. 543 00:26:57.500 --> 00:27:00.580 We're also filling up trucks that come to us from BOC 544 00:27:00.580 --> 00:27:03.960 and supplying pure renewable hydrogen to Wyala 545 00:27:03.960 --> 00:27:04.960 for use in industry. 546 00:27:05.300 --> 00:27:08.040 And that replaces the existing supply chain 547 00:27:08.040 --> 00:27:09.940 that used to come from Victoria. 548 00:27:10.620 --> 00:27:13.200 Now, the next obvious question is why? 549 00:27:13.420 --> 00:27:15.540 Why do you need renewable hydrogen 550 00:27:15.540 --> 00:27:18.000 when you've got things like renewable electricity? 551 00:27:18.340 --> 00:27:19.920 And that's a really fair question. 552 00:27:20.160 --> 00:27:21.920 And the answer to Chris's point 553 00:27:21.920 --> 00:27:24.720 is decarbonisation is a massive challenge. 554 00:27:24.780 --> 00:27:25.380 And it's... 555 00:27:25.380 --> 00:27:28.320 I'll focus on energy, but obviously it's more than energy. 556 00:27:28.440 --> 00:27:30.160 And energy isn't just electricity. 557 00:27:30.420 --> 00:27:33.840 It's electricity, it's gas, it's your diesel, it's your petrol. 558 00:27:33.940 --> 00:27:36.640 And that is a big challenge for us to do. 559 00:27:36.740 --> 00:27:38.900 And at the moment, we have lots of different fuel sources 560 00:27:38.900 --> 00:27:40.160 that deliver that energy. 561 00:27:40.400 --> 00:27:44.500 And if your only solution is one, electricity, 562 00:27:44.760 --> 00:27:47.340 then you're going to put a massive amount of strain 563 00:27:47.340 --> 00:27:49.540 on the existing electricity infrastructure, 564 00:27:49.700 --> 00:27:52.100 the poles and the wires, the storage. 565 00:27:52.460 --> 00:27:53.700 You know, batteries are good, 566 00:27:53.740 --> 00:27:55.360 but they don't do the long-term, 567 00:27:55.360 --> 00:27:57.660 long-term storage that gas inherently has. 568 00:27:57.900 --> 00:28:01.060 So there are different mechanisms and qualities 569 00:28:01.060 --> 00:28:03.940 of these energy-delivering mechanisms that we can do. 570 00:28:04.100 --> 00:28:05.800 So gas can help with that. 571 00:28:05.920 --> 00:28:08.260 And it's not about gas versus electricity. 572 00:28:08.660 --> 00:28:10.620 Sam and I aren't going to go out the back, I hope, 573 00:28:10.680 --> 00:28:13.180 and just have a few words to each other. 574 00:28:13.320 --> 00:28:15.240 It's actually you need all of it 575 00:28:15.240 --> 00:28:17.620 and you can work together to deliver it. 576 00:28:17.780 --> 00:28:19.720 So at the moment, for example, 577 00:28:19.720 --> 00:28:22.120 when we've got too much solar in the middle of the day, 578 00:28:22.160 --> 00:28:23.440 it's causing system instability. 579 00:28:23.740 --> 00:28:25.340 Some people are talking about resistor barriers. 580 00:28:25.960 --> 00:28:28.300 We've got windfarms being curtailed 581 00:28:28.300 --> 00:28:29.180 in the middle of the night. 582 00:28:29.320 --> 00:28:31.220 We've got windfarms that can't be developed 583 00:28:31.220 --> 00:28:33.380 because the existing infrastructure is constrained. 584 00:28:33.760 --> 00:28:36.660 We can put electrolysers there to use this energy 585 00:28:36.660 --> 00:28:38.580 to turn it into something useful 586 00:28:38.580 --> 00:28:43.020 that delivers more renewable energy to customers. 587 00:28:43.140 --> 00:28:46.080 It makes both of the systems more efficient. 588 00:28:46.200 --> 00:28:48.300 So it's actually about working together 589 00:28:48.300 --> 00:28:50.200 to deliver for customers. 590 00:28:50.320 --> 00:28:51.860 That's what these projects do. 591 00:28:52.200 --> 00:28:55.240 And Hypersay is just the start for us. 592 00:28:55.240 --> 00:28:57.180 We've already got Hydrogen Park Gladstone 593 00:28:57.180 --> 00:28:58.820 under development up in Queensland. 594 00:28:59.140 --> 00:29:01.920 We've got funding from the Australian Renewable Energy Agency 595 00:29:01.920 --> 00:29:03.620 to do Hydrogen Park Mario Valley, 596 00:29:03.760 --> 00:29:05.480 which will be eight times the size 597 00:29:06.240 --> 00:29:08.100 of Hydrogen Park South Australian, 598 00:29:08.240 --> 00:29:10.200 deliver a 10% renewable gas blend 599 00:29:10.200 --> 00:29:11.760 to more than 40,000 connections. 600 00:29:12.400 --> 00:29:14.940 And we, as a business, are committed to this. 601 00:29:15.000 --> 00:29:17.600 We've got goals, and we're very clear on them, 602 00:29:17.720 --> 00:29:20.180 10% renewable gas in our networks by 2030 603 00:29:20.180 --> 00:29:22.980 and 100% renewable gas by 2040. 604 00:29:23.020 --> 00:29:24.040 That's our stretch target 605 00:29:24.040 --> 00:29:29.360 to beat all of the state targets of 2050 or 2045. 606 00:29:29.660 --> 00:29:30.960 So we're really committed. 607 00:29:31.280 --> 00:29:34.220 And it's a great opportunity for South Australia, 608 00:29:34.320 --> 00:29:36.320 but particularly South Australia, 609 00:29:36.380 --> 00:29:39.480 because we do have a lot of coincident wind and solar resources, 610 00:29:39.800 --> 00:29:41.660 which are really imperative 611 00:29:41.660 --> 00:29:44.300 to bringing down the costs of producing this. 612 00:29:44.420 --> 00:29:46.220 So we've got great opportunities there. 613 00:29:46.360 --> 00:29:48.760 We've got great academics, great industry. 614 00:29:48.940 --> 00:29:50.060 We've got a great community. 615 00:29:50.200 --> 00:29:51.400 And you mentioned this. 616 00:29:51.520 --> 00:29:52.480 You know, when I went out 617 00:29:52.480 --> 00:29:55.220 and led the engagement program around Mitchell Park, 618 00:29:55.480 --> 00:29:57.420 it wasn't like, why are you doing this? 619 00:29:57.520 --> 00:30:00.480 It was like, why haven't you been doing renewable gas sooner? 620 00:30:00.640 --> 00:30:02.200 How soon can I get it? 621 00:30:02.240 --> 00:30:04.460 And when can my friend in the next suburb get it? 622 00:30:04.580 --> 00:30:07.200 That is the attitude of South Australians, 623 00:30:07.280 --> 00:30:11.140 and that is what's going to really push this transition forward. 624 00:30:11.240 --> 00:30:13.900 And that's why it's a great place to start this journey. 625 00:30:14.140 --> 00:30:17.480 And it also brings a lot of opportunity, jobs and growth, 626 00:30:17.640 --> 00:30:20.280 because we already know that other countries 627 00:30:20.280 --> 00:30:21.420 are looking to hydrogen 628 00:30:21.420 --> 00:30:25.080 as a way of getting green power to their countries. 629 00:30:25.140 --> 00:30:28.340 We've had lots of people come down and visit Hype SA already. 630 00:30:28.500 --> 00:30:31.680 It's about how can we not only decarbonise 631 00:30:31.680 --> 00:30:34.940 and bring jobs and growth to our own state and our own country, 632 00:30:35.000 --> 00:30:36.720 but once we've satisfied those needs, 633 00:30:36.820 --> 00:30:39.160 how can we help others through the export as well? 634 00:30:39.240 --> 00:30:40.960 So I think it's a pretty exciting opportunity. 635 00:30:42.020 --> 00:30:43.000 Right on time. 636 00:30:47.180 --> 00:30:48.460 Thanks so much. 637 00:30:48.500 --> 00:30:50.260 I'm so excited to hear that. 638 00:30:50.260 --> 00:30:52.600 It sounds like the foundation 639 00:30:53.260 --> 00:30:55.360 for some of this amazing collaboration 640 00:30:55.360 --> 00:30:58.820 that Chris and his research calls for. 641 00:30:58.920 --> 00:31:02.480 We're actually a good portion of the way getting there. 642 00:31:02.660 --> 00:31:04.380 We have the foundation for it in SA, 643 00:31:04.580 --> 00:31:08.780 and it just goes to show why Research Institute 644 00:31:08.780 --> 00:31:10.800 focus on modern energy systems. 645 00:31:10.880 --> 00:31:13.220 We need to be out and working with you all 646 00:31:13.220 --> 00:31:15.840 to address the needs you have. 647 00:31:16.020 --> 00:31:19.060 And these infrastructure, it's not talked about a lot, 648 00:31:19.060 --> 00:31:21.800 like how much metal and copper is going to be needed 649 00:31:21.800 --> 00:31:25.840 for new transmission or new tanks to store hydrogen, etc. 650 00:31:26.900 --> 00:31:29.440 I think sometimes we take that for granted. 651 00:31:30.220 --> 00:31:34.140 Our last speaker before we get to questions is Ashok. 652 00:31:34.420 --> 00:31:38.560 And I've asked him to sum up from the speakers 653 00:31:38.560 --> 00:31:40.480 on the importance of action from individual 654 00:31:40.480 --> 00:31:43.780 to international citizens, governments and corporations, 655 00:31:44.180 --> 00:31:47.680 and to also come with one example that Adelaide could pursue 656 00:31:47.680 --> 00:31:49.040 that maybe we just haven't yet. 657 00:31:50.580 --> 00:31:53.220 So Ashok, I'll invite you up to the lectern now, 658 00:31:53.320 --> 00:31:54.920 and we'll just need to get it sprayed. 659 00:31:55.100 --> 00:31:55.540 Thanks. 660 00:32:04.540 --> 00:32:06.560 Thank you, Michael. Good morning, everyone. 661 00:32:08.020 --> 00:32:10.840 As Michael suggested, I'll briefly overview 662 00:32:10.840 --> 00:32:12.200 what people already heard. 663 00:32:12.900 --> 00:32:18.040 And one line summary of that that I can give is, 664 00:32:18.600 --> 00:32:19.040 you know, we're in a time of crisis. 665 00:32:19.060 --> 00:32:22.440 And everything that we've heard so far strongly resonates with me. 666 00:32:22.500 --> 00:32:24.960 So total support for everything that we've heard. 667 00:32:25.580 --> 00:32:28.160 But when I get to sharing some of my ideas, 668 00:32:29.700 --> 00:32:33.660 I will contend that, yes, we need to do all of that. 669 00:32:34.380 --> 00:32:36.860 But in my view, that will be nowhere near enough. 670 00:32:38.200 --> 00:32:39.080 Something odd. 671 00:32:41.060 --> 00:32:42.120 Share that with you. 672 00:32:43.960 --> 00:32:46.900 Ask you to think about it and see what we can do about it. 673 00:32:46.900 --> 00:32:48.840 So starting with Peter. 674 00:32:48.860 --> 00:32:53.040 Peter, you highlighted the importance of the RAA 675 00:32:53.040 --> 00:32:55.180 in the South Australian society. 676 00:32:55.680 --> 00:32:57.520 A large number of membership. 677 00:32:57.780 --> 00:33:02.400 And I was very pleased to hear that some fraction 678 00:33:02.400 --> 00:33:05.160 of our lifetime membership of the RAA 679 00:33:05.160 --> 00:33:08.600 is going towards innovation and thinking about tomorrow. 680 00:33:08.820 --> 00:33:09.960 So thanks for that. 681 00:33:10.400 --> 00:33:16.640 You also mentioned something that really has been high on my mind for a while. 682 00:33:16.640 --> 00:33:21.980 And that's drones for bushfire prevention. 683 00:33:23.320 --> 00:33:26.620 And I actually contend that a time will come 684 00:33:26.620 --> 00:33:30.240 when electric vehicles will get leapfrogged 685 00:33:30.240 --> 00:33:33.500 for transportation by drones. 686 00:33:34.280 --> 00:33:39.020 Just imagine how many roads you can build in tubes in three dimensions. 687 00:33:39.680 --> 00:33:42.880 And how much land you can release from roads. 688 00:33:43.640 --> 00:33:44.760 Congestion, et cetera, et cetera. 689 00:33:44.760 --> 00:33:46.300 Anyway, that's beside the point. 690 00:33:48.020 --> 00:33:52.080 Sam, you talked about the importance of renewables, 691 00:33:52.080 --> 00:33:53.200 solar, wind, 692 00:33:53.420 --> 00:33:59.460 and a large proportion of the audience 693 00:34:00.300 --> 00:34:03.900 you demonstrated is engaged in that, 694 00:34:03.940 --> 00:34:07.020 which obviously pleases us all, particularly you, I'm sure. 695 00:34:09.560 --> 00:34:13.760 Chris, a lot of what you talked about significantly overlaps 696 00:34:14.760 --> 00:34:17.820 with what I think. 697 00:34:19.480 --> 00:34:22.680 And I will reiterate some of that. 698 00:34:23.760 --> 00:34:27.780 You highlighted that what we're dealing with is a global issue. 699 00:34:28.020 --> 00:34:33.100 And that unless we all act on it together in unison, 700 00:34:34.060 --> 00:34:35.900 we're not going to get there. 701 00:34:36.140 --> 00:34:41.660 And that is the main basis of my contending that, 702 00:34:41.700 --> 00:34:44.320 yes, we need to do all the things that we are doing, 703 00:34:44.760 --> 00:34:46.420 but we need to do something different, 704 00:34:46.480 --> 00:34:48.740 something more, in order to get there. 705 00:34:50.320 --> 00:34:55.520 Chrissie, you talked about the importance of natural gas. 706 00:34:55.740 --> 00:34:59.320 Switching from coal, oil, towards natural gas right now 707 00:34:59.320 --> 00:35:02.120 contributes to a significant reduction. 708 00:35:03.160 --> 00:35:10.180 You then highlighted source of sustainable energy, 709 00:35:10.260 --> 00:35:14.460 carbon neutral gases, bio-methane and hydrogen. 710 00:35:14.760 --> 00:35:21.500 Focused on hydrogen, which I think is an extremely important component. 711 00:35:21.940 --> 00:35:25.240 And I'll come back and talk about that in a moment as well. 712 00:35:27.120 --> 00:35:30.500 Another thing that you highlighted, which is very important to recognize, 713 00:35:30.780 --> 00:35:33.660 and that is that hydrogen can substantially use 714 00:35:33.660 --> 00:35:36.740 the existing infrastructure that we have, 715 00:35:36.820 --> 00:35:39.660 not just in Australia, but in a lot of the world, 716 00:35:40.920 --> 00:35:44.740 that we have developed and existing for natural gas. 717 00:35:46.140 --> 00:35:47.100 Usage and application. 718 00:35:48.200 --> 00:35:53.020 So with that, if I may switch to sharing some of my thoughts. 719 00:35:53.720 --> 00:35:57.900 First of all, the very fundamental, plentiful, affordable energy 720 00:35:57.900 --> 00:36:03.340 is the cornerstone of prosperity, providing essentials of life, 721 00:36:03.480 --> 00:36:05.660 as well as some comforts and pleasures. 722 00:36:07.220 --> 00:36:10.740 Fossil fuels, undoubtedly, in the last couple of hundred years, 723 00:36:10.900 --> 00:36:14.740 have made a significant contribution to the well-being of humanity. 724 00:36:14.740 --> 00:36:19.360 At the same time, they have brought climate change. 725 00:36:21.000 --> 00:36:24.280 So, easily we can say, we must eliminate fossil fuels, 726 00:36:24.500 --> 00:36:27.420 we must totally rely on sustainable, renewable energy. 727 00:36:27.920 --> 00:36:29.700 It's very easy to say that quickly, 728 00:36:29.900 --> 00:36:33.620 but it's very difficult to achieve, to get there. 729 00:36:33.840 --> 00:36:35.060 Why do I think that? 730 00:36:36.060 --> 00:36:39.280 Firstly, human nature causes climate change. 731 00:36:41.500 --> 00:36:42.580 Human... Sorry. 732 00:36:42.880 --> 00:36:44.640 Human and natural causes 733 00:36:44.740 --> 00:36:47.960 for climate change do not respect national boundaries, 734 00:36:48.060 --> 00:36:49.060 as Chris mentioned. 735 00:36:49.560 --> 00:36:51.560 The whole world must act together, 736 00:36:51.740 --> 00:36:53.340 and that's not easy to achieve. 737 00:36:54.500 --> 00:36:58.940 Secondly, about 65% of world energy usage today 738 00:36:58.940 --> 00:37:00.160 comes from fossil fuels. 739 00:37:00.240 --> 00:37:02.620 That's from coal, gas, and oil. 740 00:37:04.640 --> 00:37:06.660 Hydroelectricity provides about 16%. 741 00:37:07.720 --> 00:37:09.440 Renewables, about 10%. 742 00:37:09.440 --> 00:37:12.780 And nuclear power, about 10%. 743 00:37:13.540 --> 00:37:14.720 Look at it in Australia. 744 00:37:14.740 --> 00:37:15.620 On an Australian scale, 745 00:37:16.420 --> 00:37:20.700 Australia's energy consumption is about 1% of the total world... 746 00:37:20.700 --> 00:37:23.840 Just a little bit over 1% of total world consumption. 747 00:37:25.520 --> 00:37:29.160 And 90% of our total energy, 748 00:37:29.380 --> 00:37:32.900 90%, comes from fossil fuels. 749 00:37:33.760 --> 00:37:35.580 Even in South Australia, 750 00:37:35.780 --> 00:37:40.020 which is well ahead as a state compared to other parts of Australia, 751 00:37:40.300 --> 00:37:44.720 about 85% of our energy comes from fossil fuels. 752 00:37:45.900 --> 00:37:46.580 85%. 753 00:37:48.540 --> 00:37:51.880 We export about three times the energy we consume. 754 00:37:52.760 --> 00:37:57.260 Most of that export is in the form of gas, natural gas, and coal. 755 00:37:57.420 --> 00:37:58.880 There's nuclear as well. 756 00:38:00.240 --> 00:38:02.260 Those fossil fuels that we export 757 00:38:02.260 --> 00:38:04.100 generate greenhouse gases 758 00:38:04.740 --> 00:38:06.140 when our customers burn that. 759 00:38:06.780 --> 00:38:10.680 So there's about three times as much... 760 00:38:12.680 --> 00:38:14.520 carbon we are exporting. 761 00:38:14.520 --> 00:38:16.900 as we are creating within Australia. 762 00:38:22.400 --> 00:38:26.680 If we suddenly stop that export, 763 00:38:26.840 --> 00:38:28.180 or significantly reduce it, 764 00:38:28.340 --> 00:38:31.260 that's going to have a significant negative impact 765 00:38:31.260 --> 00:38:34.360 on the economies of the developing world. 766 00:38:35.860 --> 00:38:37.840 They're not going to accept that easily. 767 00:38:38.180 --> 00:38:40.840 They will find other sources of fossil fuels. 768 00:38:42.560 --> 00:38:44.960 So during this transition period, 769 00:38:45.220 --> 00:38:47.280 and Chris referred to this, 770 00:38:48.200 --> 00:38:51.180 we must export carbon capture and storage 771 00:38:51.180 --> 00:38:53.440 hand in hand with fossil fuels. 772 00:38:55.040 --> 00:38:57.240 It's worth noting that last year, 773 00:38:57.440 --> 00:39:00.460 some 350 coal-fired power stations, 774 00:39:00.560 --> 00:39:03.340 typically have a life of 30 to 50 years, 775 00:39:03.600 --> 00:39:05.540 were built around the world. 776 00:39:06.240 --> 00:39:06.860 350. 777 00:39:08.180 --> 00:39:10.220 China built more than half of those. 778 00:39:10.220 --> 00:39:10.960 More than half of those in China. 779 00:39:11.340 --> 00:39:14.400 And many more outside China 780 00:39:14.400 --> 00:39:19.260 in countries like Bangladesh, Vietnam, Pakistan, and Indonesia. 781 00:39:20.660 --> 00:39:22.500 India built 52. 782 00:39:24.080 --> 00:39:28.640 So Chris, I wonder what your net zero US map would look like 783 00:39:28.640 --> 00:39:32.740 if you were to draw one for China, or for India, or for Indonesia, 784 00:39:33.040 --> 00:39:37.340 where 3.5 to 4 billion people 785 00:39:37.340 --> 00:39:40.200 will also need to live alongside that industry. 786 00:39:40.220 --> 00:39:40.500 And what would that mean for the infrastructure? 787 00:39:41.900 --> 00:39:44.460 Humongous challenge, to use Chris's words. 788 00:39:44.720 --> 00:39:45.400 Scary. 789 00:39:45.560 --> 00:39:46.540 Scary, indeed. 790 00:39:49.400 --> 00:39:52.780 We must, therefore, find win-win solutions. 791 00:39:53.520 --> 00:39:58.420 A win-lose, zero-sum game is not going to get us there. 792 00:39:58.900 --> 00:40:01.180 Human nature will prevent that from happening. 793 00:40:01.540 --> 00:40:03.220 Everybody must come out ahead. 794 00:40:05.220 --> 00:40:06.500 Climate change mitigation measures 795 00:40:07.220 --> 00:40:09.140 require long-term planning 796 00:40:09.140 --> 00:40:10.680 on an international scale. 797 00:40:12.520 --> 00:40:14.060 As I mentioned before, Michael, 798 00:40:14.120 --> 00:40:16.800 I'm going to have to go a little bit longer than that. 799 00:40:19.600 --> 00:40:21.120 We do have to. 800 00:40:21.280 --> 00:40:21.720 OK. 801 00:40:24.560 --> 00:40:26.200 Central Reserve Bank model 802 00:40:26.200 --> 00:40:28.520 for managing national monetary policies. 803 00:40:28.740 --> 00:40:31.480 Let's call it the Bank of International Climate Change Management. 804 00:40:33.000 --> 00:40:34.860 Biggest bang for the buck where we get, 805 00:40:34.980 --> 00:40:36.000 that's where we should invest. 806 00:40:36.000 --> 00:40:40.500 And note that I'm talking about investment and profit, 807 00:40:40.660 --> 00:40:42.380 not giving away. 808 00:40:45.860 --> 00:40:48.340 About 8 billion people, just under, 809 00:40:48.560 --> 00:40:49.980 occupy this world today. 810 00:40:50.300 --> 00:40:53.260 About 1.5 to 2 billion of those 811 00:40:53.260 --> 00:40:56.060 live in prosperous societies like we do, 812 00:40:56.120 --> 00:40:57.100 people sitting in this room. 813 00:40:57.640 --> 00:40:59.280 The other 6 billion people, 814 00:41:00.000 --> 00:41:03.680 many of them are still cooking on cow dung and wood. 815 00:41:04.280 --> 00:41:07.400 They aspire for refrigerators, motor cars, 816 00:41:07.600 --> 00:41:08.840 and air conditioners as well. 817 00:41:10.740 --> 00:41:13.400 In addition to reducing our own footprint, therefore, 818 00:41:13.520 --> 00:41:14.880 I believe the developed world, 819 00:41:15.040 --> 00:41:18.460 we need to invest on behalf of the other 6 billion people. 820 00:41:18.960 --> 00:41:20.920 And there are two things that we can export. 821 00:41:21.560 --> 00:41:24.620 Sunshine and wind in the form of hydrogen, 822 00:41:24.760 --> 00:41:26.280 and nuclear power. 823 00:41:26.960 --> 00:41:29.540 And I think we need to be doing both of those. 824 00:41:30.900 --> 00:41:32.220 I think we need to be 825 00:41:34.600 --> 00:41:36.340 manufacturing nuclear fuel 826 00:41:37.680 --> 00:41:40.260 and renting it, not selling it. 827 00:41:40.540 --> 00:41:41.320 Renting it. 828 00:41:42.780 --> 00:41:45.400 And taking it back for storage 829 00:41:45.400 --> 00:41:47.900 because we have stable geology 830 00:41:47.900 --> 00:41:49.880 and stable political systems. 831 00:41:50.140 --> 00:41:52.140 We always own it, we never sell it. 832 00:41:52.820 --> 00:41:56.340 So with that, let me just make a brief comment about, 833 00:41:56.420 --> 00:41:58.940 at the local level, as one example, 834 00:41:59.220 --> 00:42:01.620 St. Andrews Hospital in Adelaide 835 00:42:01.620 --> 00:42:03.420 has implemented a tri-gen process 836 00:42:03.420 --> 00:42:06.600 which has increased their energy utilization efficiency 837 00:42:06.600 --> 00:42:09.920 from about 30% to 90% 838 00:42:10.620 --> 00:42:12.520 through simple technology 839 00:42:12.520 --> 00:42:14.540 of waste heat recovery 840 00:42:14.540 --> 00:42:16.420 and using that waste heat 841 00:42:16.420 --> 00:42:19.920 to generate steam for sterilization, 842 00:42:20.080 --> 00:42:21.480 hot water, and air conditioning. 843 00:42:21.920 --> 00:42:25.700 I believe that system is very applicable 844 00:42:25.700 --> 00:42:27.300 to the Adelaide CBD 845 00:42:27.300 --> 00:42:29.920 because if it's confined one square mile 846 00:42:30.700 --> 00:42:31.460 geography, 847 00:42:32.980 --> 00:42:35.340 I'm confident that technology will deliver 848 00:42:35.340 --> 00:42:36.920 if we can bring the people along. 849 00:42:37.180 --> 00:42:40.200 I believe people are the hurdle, not technology. 850 00:42:41.620 --> 00:42:45.060 And I remain confident that we will overcome this challenge. 851 00:42:45.540 --> 00:42:47.100 But it is a big challenge. 852 00:42:47.720 --> 00:42:48.500 Thanks, Michael. 853 00:42:51.400 --> 00:42:52.560 Thank you, Ashok. 854 00:42:52.700 --> 00:42:54.320 What an exciting... 855 00:42:54.320 --> 00:42:55.900 Thank you. 856 00:42:56.720 --> 00:43:00.540 What an exciting idea to rent nuclear fuel 857 00:43:00.540 --> 00:43:01.000 and also, 858 00:43:01.000 --> 00:43:04.480 what seems to be very low-hanging fruit 859 00:43:04.480 --> 00:43:06.280 to do in the city of Adelaide. 860 00:43:07.340 --> 00:43:07.860 So... 861 00:43:09.880 --> 00:43:12.080 That's a fair comment. 862 00:43:13.860 --> 00:43:15.940 It doesn't have to be done in Australia. 863 00:43:15.960 --> 00:43:17.900 It could be done in other countries using it. 864 00:43:19.620 --> 00:43:20.520 Fair comment. 865 00:43:22.520 --> 00:43:26.400 We do have time now for a question. 866 00:43:28.700 --> 00:43:30.660 And please do step up to the mic. 867 00:43:31.000 --> 00:43:31.020 All right. 868 00:43:35.480 --> 00:43:36.620 There's time for two. 869 00:43:39.980 --> 00:43:41.020 Good morning. 870 00:43:41.980 --> 00:43:43.320 It's been really interesting. 871 00:43:43.580 --> 00:43:45.000 A lot of what you've talked about 872 00:43:45.000 --> 00:43:47.580 is infrastructure and big-scale stuff. 873 00:43:47.760 --> 00:43:49.520 I'm going to bring it back to the personal. 874 00:43:49.780 --> 00:43:50.680 I'm fortunate. 875 00:43:50.900 --> 00:43:52.260 I own my own home. 876 00:43:52.320 --> 00:43:54.040 And I have an awesome solar system. 877 00:43:54.200 --> 00:43:54.860 So, privilege. 878 00:43:57.060 --> 00:44:00.720 My question is around dwellings and housing. 879 00:44:00.720 --> 00:44:02.660 In South Australia... 880 00:44:02.660 --> 00:44:04.160 In general in Australia, 881 00:44:04.340 --> 00:44:05.300 but in South Australia, 882 00:44:05.460 --> 00:44:06.920 we have a housing crisis. 883 00:44:07.340 --> 00:44:11.920 There are thousands of people on the Housing SAE waitlist. 884 00:44:12.540 --> 00:44:15.000 There's pressure being put on the government 885 00:44:15.000 --> 00:44:17.140 to build more public housing. 886 00:44:18.980 --> 00:44:19.720 So, I... 887 00:44:20.260 --> 00:44:22.180 A question to the panel is, 888 00:44:22.240 --> 00:44:25.760 how can we also put the pressure on the government 889 00:44:25.760 --> 00:44:27.020 building public housing 890 00:44:27.020 --> 00:44:30.020 that that public housing is designed 891 00:44:30.020 --> 00:44:31.440 and laid out, 892 00:44:32.540 --> 00:44:34.460 includes the features 893 00:44:35.020 --> 00:44:37.480 that are energy efficient 894 00:44:38.020 --> 00:44:40.180 and using, you know, 895 00:44:40.180 --> 00:44:43.640 passive energy, you know, etc, etc? 896 00:44:44.020 --> 00:44:46.240 The pushback might be that 897 00:44:47.020 --> 00:44:49.640 it might cost more in the first place, 898 00:44:49.760 --> 00:44:50.980 but in the long term, 899 00:44:51.080 --> 00:44:53.420 that is actually beneficial. 900 00:44:53.820 --> 00:44:57.040 So, my question is... 901 00:44:57.040 --> 00:44:59.240 It was about alternative housing, 902 00:44:59.280 --> 00:45:00.000 like co-operative housing, 903 00:45:00.020 --> 00:45:00.800 and what have you. 904 00:45:01.000 --> 00:45:02.860 And in general, 905 00:45:02.880 --> 00:45:04.500 how do we influence things 906 00:45:04.500 --> 00:45:06.940 like changing the building codes in general 907 00:45:06.940 --> 00:45:09.700 so that houses, new developments, 908 00:45:09.760 --> 00:45:10.480 when they're built, 909 00:45:10.600 --> 00:45:16.020 are built in ways that are economically... 910 00:45:16.020 --> 00:45:19.780 ..that are environmentally sustainable? 911 00:45:20.180 --> 00:45:23.040 There's some new builds, great wetlands. 912 00:45:23.080 --> 00:45:26.720 The actual buildings are bad news 913 00:45:26.720 --> 00:45:28.960 in terms of their efficiency. 914 00:45:28.960 --> 00:45:30.880 And therefore, 915 00:45:30.960 --> 00:45:32.780 so, question to the panel, 916 00:45:32.980 --> 00:45:36.720 how can we actually influence those kinds of changes 917 00:45:36.720 --> 00:45:42.560 at the personal dwelling level? 918 00:45:43.020 --> 00:45:44.000 Thank you for that question. 919 00:45:44.120 --> 00:45:45.640 Sam, would you like to quickly address that? 920 00:45:46.100 --> 00:45:48.160 Thank you, and thank you for your question. 921 00:45:48.540 --> 00:45:49.920 It's a great question, 922 00:45:49.960 --> 00:45:52.620 and it's a huge challenge in South Australia, 923 00:45:52.780 --> 00:45:54.740 Australia and the world around housing. 924 00:45:55.060 --> 00:45:57.940 The SA government is currently rolling out 925 00:45:57.940 --> 00:46:00.640 a virtual power plant for SA homes. 926 00:46:01.440 --> 00:46:04.660 So, they get free solar and a battery, 927 00:46:04.800 --> 00:46:07.720 and it locks them into a lower rate, 928 00:46:07.820 --> 00:46:10.360 and they can trade the market and things like that. 929 00:46:10.480 --> 00:46:12.900 So, I know they are trying to create 930 00:46:12.900 --> 00:46:15.320 a more sustainable way in that sense 931 00:46:15.320 --> 00:46:16.580 around solar and batteries. 932 00:46:17.420 --> 00:46:19.340 Obviously, it's a slow rollout, 933 00:46:19.360 --> 00:46:22.100 and there's only so much solar and batteries we can do, 934 00:46:22.240 --> 00:46:24.280 but it is sustainable in the sense 935 00:46:24.280 --> 00:46:27.120 that having a battery will help infrastructure 936 00:46:27.120 --> 00:46:28.440 like Chrissy was saying, 937 00:46:29.120 --> 00:46:30.460 overloading the grid during the day. 938 00:46:31.140 --> 00:46:33.860 From a building sustainability point, 939 00:46:34.060 --> 00:46:35.040 it's a good question, 940 00:46:35.140 --> 00:46:37.960 and it's not something that I'm that familiar with. 941 00:46:38.480 --> 00:46:41.620 However, I think writing to your local MP, 942 00:46:41.900 --> 00:46:43.520 speaking up when you can, 943 00:46:43.680 --> 00:46:47.400 talking to the local newspaper about things that you're seeing 944 00:46:47.400 --> 00:46:49.280 is all something that you can do 945 00:46:49.280 --> 00:46:53.020 to help those get more sustainable and economic homes 946 00:46:53.020 --> 00:46:54.900 as well as solar and batteries. 947 00:46:58.540 --> 00:46:59.540 Thanks very much. 948 00:47:00.200 --> 00:47:02.240 I do have to round out. 949 00:47:03.700 --> 00:47:05.280 Because of the COVID rules, 950 00:47:05.840 --> 00:47:08.680 we do unfortunately have to close out on time 951 00:47:08.680 --> 00:47:10.460 because this does need to be cleaned. 952 00:47:10.700 --> 00:47:12.960 What I would like to do and what I'd offer, 953 00:47:13.060 --> 00:47:15.080 because I'm excited to be part of a community 954 00:47:15.080 --> 00:47:17.720 that engages with you all together with industry, 955 00:47:17.920 --> 00:47:22.520 is any of us that are able to meet outside for a chat, 956 00:47:22.660 --> 00:47:23.840 I'm happy to do that, 957 00:47:23.860 --> 00:47:25.720 and I know there might be some others. 958 00:47:25.820 --> 00:47:27.100 Chris isn't able to, 959 00:47:27.100 --> 00:47:30.580 because of needing to leave. 960 00:47:30.680 --> 00:47:31.060 I'm in quarantine. 961 00:47:31.600 --> 00:47:31.980 So... 962 00:47:33.340 --> 00:47:35.320 Look, I'd like to thank the panel, 963 00:47:35.380 --> 00:47:37.720 and I'd like to thank you for spending the morning with us, 964 00:47:37.780 --> 00:47:40.740 and thank the RAA again 965 00:47:40.740 --> 00:47:42.560 for your sponsorship of Powering the Future. 966 00:47:42.680 --> 00:47:44.500 There's so much to get done, 967 00:47:44.620 --> 00:47:46.140 but the exciting thing is, 968 00:47:46.220 --> 00:47:47.800 with energy like this in the room, 969 00:47:47.920 --> 00:47:50.260 I'm sure we've got a great way 970 00:47:50.260 --> 00:47:53.680 of making South Australia number one in the world 971 00:47:53.680 --> 00:47:55.900 as we move towards net zero 972 00:47:55.900 --> 00:47:56.460 and... 973 00:47:57.100 --> 00:47:59.120 not even the current number two. 974 00:47:59.220 --> 00:48:01.420 Not because being number one is important to us, 975 00:48:01.480 --> 00:48:03.180 but because it's being important to the world. 976 00:48:03.280 --> 00:48:04.440 Thank you all. Take care.